Taxonomic Group	Name	Year	Invasion Status	Population Status	Vectors
Fishes	Acanthogobius flavimanus	1963	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-Copepods	Acartiella sinensis	1993	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Bryozoans	Aeverrillia armata	2001	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Algae	Agardhiella subulata*	2010	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Algae	Aglaothamnion tenuissimum*	1978	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Discarded Bait, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Hull Fouling
Annelids-Polychaetes	Alitta succinea	1896	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Platyhelminthes	Alloglossidium corti*	1967	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Fishes	Alosa sapidissima	1871	Definite	Established	Fisheries Intentional
Annelids-Polychaetes	Amaeana sp. A	2004	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Bryozoans	Amathia dichotoma*	2018	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Bryozoans	Amathia verticillata	1993	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Annelids-Polychaetes	Amblyosyllis nigrolineata	2014	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Fishes	Ameiurus catus	1874	Definite	Established	Fisheries Intentional
Fishes	Ameiurus melas	1952	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Fisheries Intentional
Fishes	Ameiurus natalis	1944	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Fisheries Intentional
Fishes	Ameiurus nebulosus	1874	Definite	Established	Fisheries Intentional
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Ampelisca abdita	1954	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Discarded Bait, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-Barnacles	Amphibalanus amphitrite	1939	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-Barnacles	Amphibalanus improvisus	1853	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Ampithoe valida	1941	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Bryozoans	Anguinella palmata	1993	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Arthropoda-Insects	Anisolabis maritima	1935	Definite	Established	Cargo, Dry Ballast
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Aoroides secunda	2004	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-Bivalves	Arcuatula senhousia	1946	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Tunicates	Ascidia zara	2000	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-Isopods	Asellus hilgendorfii	1978	Definite	Established	Aquatic Plant Shipments, Ballast Water
Bryozoans	Aspidelectra melolontha	1979	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Platyhelminthes	Atractolytocestus huronensis*	1973	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Cnidarians-Scyphozoans	Aurelia coerulea	1988	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Platyhelminthes	Austrobilharzia variglandis*	1954	Definite	Established	Oyster Accidental
Entoprocts	Barentsia benedeni	1929	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-Gastropods	Batillaria attramentaria	2006	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Hull Fouling
Cnidarians-Hydrozoans	Bimeria vestita	2004	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Cnidarians-Hydrozoans	Blackfordia virginica	1970	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Annelids-Polychaetes	Boccardiella ligerica	1954	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Mollusks-Gastropods	Boonea bisuturalis	1962	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Oyster Accidental
Platyhelminthes	Bothriocephalus cuspidatus*	1967	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Tunicates	Botrylloides diegensis	1983	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Tunicates	Botrylloides violaceus	1973	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Tunicates	Botryllus schlosseri	1947	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Protozoans	Boveria teredinidi*	1927	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Annelids-Polychaetes	Branchiomma SF1*	2015	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Annelids-Oligochaetes	Branchiura sowerbyi*	1963	Definite	Established	Aquatic Plant Shipments, Ballast Water, Dry Ballast
Algae	Bryopsis sp. 1*	1951	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Bryozoans	Bugula neritina	1983	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Bryozoans	Bugulina cf. foliolata	2010	Definite	Established	Habitat Restoration
Bryozoans	Bugulina stolonifera	1978	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Mollusks-Gastropods	Busycotypus canaliculatus	1938	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Oyster Accidental, Pet Release
Crustaceans-Isopods	Caecidotea racovitzai	1998	Definite	Established	Aquatic Plant Shipments, Ballast Water, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Cnidarians-Hydrozoans	Calyptospadix cerulea	1901	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Annelids-Oligochaetes	Cambarincola pamelae*	1982	Definite	Established	Discarded Bait, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Scientific Escape
Algae	Campylaephora sungminbooi*	2014	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Nematodes	Capillaria catenata*	1973	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Caprella drepanochir	2006	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Caprella mutica	1977	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Caprella scaura	1978	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Caprella simia	2010	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Fishes	Carassius auratus	1963	Definite	Established	Discarded Bait, Pet Release
Crustaceans-Crabs	Carcinus maenas	1990	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Discarded Bait
Algae	Carradoriella denudata*	1964	Definite	Established	None
Mollusks-Gastropods	Catriona rickettsi	1974	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Algae	Caulacanthus okamurae	2003	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Annelids-Oligochaetes	Chaetogaster diaphanus*	1986	Definite	Established	Aquatic Plant Shipments, Ballast Water, Dry Ballast
Sponges	Chalinula loosanoffi*	1950	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Chelura terebrans	1948	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Tunicates	Ciona robusta	1932	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Tunicates	Ciona savignyi	1993	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Mollusks-Gastropods	Cipangopaludina chinensis	1938	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Fisheries Intentional, Pet Release
Cnidarians-Hydrozoans	Cladonema pacificum	1979	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Sponges	Clathria prolifera*	1950	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Algae	Codium fragile ssp. Fragile	1977	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Discarded Bait, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Bryozoans	Conopeum chesapeakensis	2006	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Bryozoans	Conopeum tenuissimum	1951	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Platyhelminthes	Corallobothrium fimbriatum*	1973	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Mollusks-Bivalves	Corbicula fluminea	1945	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Discarded Bait, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Fisheries Intentional
Cnidarians-Hydrozoans	Cordylophora caspia	1930	Definite	Established	Aquatic Plant Shipments, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Tunicates	Corella inflata	2008	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Corophium alienense	1973	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Corophium heteroceratum	1986	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Cnidarians-Hydrozoans	Corymorpha sp. A	1955	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Protozoans	Cothurnia limnoriae*	1927	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Crangonyx floridanus	1995	Definite	Established	Aquatic Plant Shipments, Ballast Water, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Cnidarians-Hydrozoans	Craspedacusta sowerbii	1953	Definite	Established	Aquatic Plant Shipments, Ballast Water, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Mollusks-Gastropods	Crepidula convexa	1898	Definite	Established	Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-Gastropods	Crepidula plana	1901	Definite	Established	Oyster Accidental
Bryozoans	Cryptosula pallasiana	1943	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-Gastropods	Cuthona perca	1967	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Fishes	Cyprinella lutrensis	1999	Definite	Established	Discarded Bait
Fishes	Cyprinus carpio	1883	Definite	Established	Fisheries Intentional
Platyhelminthes	Dactylogyrus extensus*	1973	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Crustaceans-Cladocerans	Daphnia lumholtzi	1999	Definite	Established	Aquatic Plant Shipments, Ballast Water, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Crustaceans-Mysids	Deltamysis holmquistae	1977	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Mollusks-Gastropods	Dendronotus orientalis	2016	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Cnidarians-Anthozoans	Diadumene franciscana	1940	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Cnidarians-Anthozoans	Diadumene leucolena	1936	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Cnidarians-Anthozoans	Diadumene lineata	1906	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Cnidarians-Anthozoans	Diadumene paranaensis	1975	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Tunicates	Didemnum vexillum	1993	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Tunicates	Diplosoma listerianum	1948	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Fishes	Dorosoma petenense	1961	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Crustaceans-Isopods	Dynoides dentisinus	1977	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Cnidarians-Hydrozoans	Ectopleura crocea	1859	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Eochelidium sp. A	1993	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Crustaceans-Crabs	Eriocheir sinensis	1992	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Fisheries Intentional
Annelids-Oligochaetes	Eukerria saltensis*	1999	Definite	Established	Agricultural Weed
Crustaceans-Isopods	Eurylana arcuata	1978	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-Copepods	Eurytemora carolleeae	1913	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-Ostracods	Eusarsiella zostericola	1953	Definite	Established	Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-Crayfish	Faxonius virilis	1959	Definite	Established	Discarded Bait, Scientific Escape
Annelids-Polychaetes	Ficopomatus enigmaticus	1921	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Bryozoans	Fredericella indica	2017	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Hull Fouling
Fishes	Gambusia affinis	1941	Definite	Established	Biocontrol
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Gammarus daiberi	1983	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Mollusks-Bivalves	Gemma gemma	1893	Definite	Established	Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-Bivalves	Geukensia demissa	1894	Definite	Established	Oyster Accidental
Platyhelminthes	Gigantobilharzia sp.*	2005	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-Isopods	Gnorimosphaeroma sp.*	2002	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Oyster Accidental
Algae	Gracilaria vermiculophylla	2017	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Grandidierella japonica	1966	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Sponges	Halichondria bowerbanki*	1950	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-Gastropods	Haloa japonica	1999	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-Gastropods	Heterogen japonica	2022	Definite	Established	None
Annelids-Polychaetes	Heteromastus filiformis species complex	1936	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Platyhelminthes	Himasthla quissetensis*	2003	Definite	Established	Oyster Accidental
Annelids-Polychaetes	Hydroides elegans	2001	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-Mysids	Hyperacanthomysis longirostris	1993	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Fishes	Hypomesus nipponensis	1974	Definite	Established	Fisheries Intentional
Nematodes	Hysterothylacium brachyurum*	1973	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Crustaceans-Isopods	Iais californica	1904	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-Isopods	Ianiropsis serricaudis	1977	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Fishes	Ictalurus furcatus	1979	Definite	Established	Biocontrol, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Fishes	Ictalurus punctatus	1943	Definite	Established	Fisheries Intentional
Mollusks-Gastropods	Ilyanassa obsoleta	1907	Definite	Established	Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Incisocalliope derzhavini	1904	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Jassa marmorata	1977	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Platyhelminthes	Khawia japonensis*	1973	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Protozoans	Lagenophrys cochinensis*	1973	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Cnidarians-Hydrozoans	Laomedea calceolifera	2004	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Annelids-Polychaetes	Laonome cf. calida	1989	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Mollusks-Gastropods	Leostyletus misakiensis	1962	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Platyhelminthes	Lepocreadium setiferoides*	2003	Definite	Established	Oyster Accidental
Fishes	Lepomis cyanellus	1963	Definite	Established	Fisheries Intentional
Fishes	Lepomis gibbosus	1980	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Fisheries Intentional
Fishes	Lepomis gulosus	1931	Definite	Established	Fisheries Intentional
Fishes	Lepomis macrochirus	1908	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Fishes	Lepomis microlophus	1956	Definite	Established	Fisheries Intentional
Crustaceans-Copepods	Lernaea cyprinacea	1973	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Pet Release
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Leucothoe nagatai	2015	Definite	Established	None
Platyhelminthes	Ligictaluridus pricei*	1973	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Mollusks-Bivalves	Limecola petalum	1988	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Dry Ballast, Oyster Accidental
Annelids-Oligochaetes	Limnodrilus monothecus*	1985	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Dry Ballast, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-Copepods	Limnoithona sinensis	1979	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Crustaceans-Copepods	Limnoithona tetraspina	1993	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Crustaceans-Isopods	Limnoria quadripunctata	1873	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-Isopods	Limnoria tripunctata	1875	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Mollusks-Gastropods	Littoridinops monroensis	2005	Definite	Established	Aquatic Plant Shipments, Ballast Water, Dry Ballast
Mollusks-Gastropods	Littorina saxatilis	1993	Definite	Established	Discarded Bait, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Protozoans	Lobochona prorates*	1927	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Algae	Lomentaria hakodatensis*	1992	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Natural Dispersal
Fishes	Lucania goodei	2017	Definite	Established	Pet Release
Fishes	Lucania parva	1958	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Mollusks-Bivalves	Lyrodus pedicellatus	1920	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Cnidarians-Hydrozoans	Maeotias marginata	1981	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Annelids-Polychaetes	Marenzelleria neglecta	1991	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Platyhelminthes	Maritrema arenaria*	2003	Definite	Established	Discarded Bait
Annelids-Polychaetes	Megasyllis nipponica	2000	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Platyhelminthes	Megathylacoides giganteum*	1967	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Mollusks-Gastropods	Melanochlamys ezoensis	2001	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Mollusks-Gastropods	Melanoides tuberculata	1988	Definite	Established	Pet Release
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Melita nitida	1938	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Melita rylovae	1993	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Fishes	Menidia audens	1971	Definite	Established	Biocontrol
Tunicates	Microcosmus squamiger	2016	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Platyhelminthes	Microphallus similis*	2003	Definite	Established	Discarded Bait
Fishes	Micropterus coosae	1999	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Fishes	Micropterus dolomieu	1874	Definite	Established	Fisheries Intentional
Fishes	Micropterus punctulatus	2002	Definite	Established	Fisheries Intentional
Fishes	Micropterus salmoides	1905	Definite	Established	Fisheries Intentional
Protozoans	Mirofolliculina limnoriae*	1927	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Cnidarians-Hydrozoans	Moerisia lyonsi	1993	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Tunicates	Molgula ficus	2005	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Tunicates	Molgula manhattensis	1955	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Monocorophium acherusicum	1912	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Intentional
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Monocorophium insidiosum	1931	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Monocorophium uenoi	1976	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Fishes	Morone saxatilis	1879	Definite	Established	Fisheries Intentional
Mollusks-Bivalves	Mya arenaria	1874	Definite	Established	Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-Gastropods	Myosotella myosotis	1871	Definite	Established	Cargo, Dry Ballast, Oyster Accidental
Annelids-Polychaetes	Myrianida pachycera	2015	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Annelids-Polychaetes	Myrianida pentadentata	2012	Definite	Established	None
Crustaceans-Copepods	Mytilicola orientalis	1974	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-Bivalves	Mytilus galloprovincialis	1987	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Annelids-Leeches	Myzobdella lugubris	1973	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Crustaceans-Leptostacans	Nebalia sp A.*	1992	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Cnidarians-Anthozoans	Nematostella vectensis	1946	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Annelids-Polychaetes	Neoamphitrite sp. A	2004	Definite	Established	None
Arthropoda-Insects	Neochetina bruchi*	1982	Definite	Established	Biocontrol
Arthropoda-Insects	Neochetina eichhorniae*	1982	Definite	Established	Biocontrol
Crustaceans-Mysids	Neomysis japonica	2004	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Crustaceans-Isopods	Niambia capensis	1935	Definite	Established	Cargo, Dry Ballast
Annelids-Polychaetes	Nicolea sp. A. Harris	2010	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-Cumaceans	Nippoleucon hinumensis	1986	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Bryozoans	Nolella sawayai*	2012	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Fishes	Notemigonus crysoleucas	1964	Definite	Established	Discarded Bait, Fisheries Intentional
Crustaceans-Copepods	Oithona davisae	1963	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Mollusks-Gastropods	Okenia plana	1960	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-Mysids	Orientomysis aspera	1992	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Crustaceans-Mysids	Orientomysis hwanhaiensis	1997	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Algae	Pachymeniopsis lanceolata*	2009	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-Crayfish	Pacifastacus leniusculus	1959	Definite	Established	Fisheries Intentional
Crustaceans-Shrimp	Palaemon kadiakensis	2012	Definite	Established	Pet Release
Crustaceans-Shrimp	Palaemon macrodactylus	1957	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Crustaceans-Shrimp	Palaemon modestus	2000	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Paradexamine sp. SD1	1993	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-Isopods	Paranthura japonica	1993	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Bryozoans	Pectinatella magnifica	2005	Definite	Established	Aquatic Plant Shipments, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Fishes	Percina macrolepida	1973	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Mollusks-Gastropods	Philine auriformis	1992	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Mollusks-Gastropods	Philine orientalis	2004	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Nematodes	Philometroides sanguineus*	1973	Definite	Established	Pet Release
Algae	Phycocalidia suborbiculata*	2017	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Fishes	Pimephales promelas	1955	Definite	Established	Discarded Bait, Fisheries Intentional
Platyhelminthes	Pisciamphistoma stunkardi*	1967	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Tunicates	Polyandrocarpa zorritensis	2001	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Annelids-Polychaetes	Polydora cornuta	1933	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Algae	Polysiphonia denudata*	1963	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Mollusks-Gastropods	Pomacea canaliculata	2017	Definite	Established	Agricultural Weed, Aquatic Plant Shipments, Pet Release
Fishes	Pomoxis annularis	1951	Definite	Established	Fisheries Intentional
Fishes	Pomoxis nigromaculatus	1908	Definite	Established	Fisheries Intentional
Mollusks-Bivalves	Potamocorbula amurensis	1986	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Mollusks-Gastropods	Potamopyrgus antipodarum	2004	Definite	Established	Aquatic Plant Shipments, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Hull Fouling
Annelids-Oligochaetes	Potamothrix bavaricus*	1965	Definite	Established	Aquatic Plant Shipments, Ballast Water, Dry Ballast, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Crustaceans-Crayfish	Procambarus clarkii	1966	Definite	Established	Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Fisheries Intentional, Pet Release, Scientific Escape
Annelids-Polychaetes	Proceraea okadai	2003	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Arthropoda-Insects	Prokelisia marginata*	1982	Definite	Established	Habitat Restoration
Sponges	Prosuberites sp.*	1953	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Arthropoda-Insects	Pselactus spadix*	1966	Definite	Established	Cargo, Hull Fouling, Unknown Vector
Crustaceans-Copepods	Pseudodiaptomus forbesi	1987	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Crustaceans-Copepods	Pseudodiaptomus marinus	1986	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Annelids-Polychaetes	Pseudopolydora cf. kempi	1972	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Annelids-Polychaetes	Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata	1973	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-Isopods	Pseudosphaeroma sp. A	2000	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-Crabs	Rhithropanopeus harrisii	1937	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-Bivalves	Ruditapes philippinarum	1946	Definite	Established	Oyster Accidental
Annelids-Polychaetes	Sabaco elongatus	1960	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-Gastropods	Sakuraeolis enosimensis	1972	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Algae	Sargassum muticum	1973	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Natural Dispersal
Bryozoans	Schizoporella japonica	1963	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Bryozoans	Schizoporella variabilis	2000	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-Tanaids	Sinelobus cf. stanfordi	1943	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-Copepods	Sinocalanus doerrii	1978	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Crustaceans-Isopods	Sphaeroma quoianum	1898	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-Ostracods	Spinileberis quadriaculeata	2001	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-Gastropods	Spurwinkia salsa	2008	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Discarded Bait, Dry Ballast, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Stenothoe valida	1941	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Platyhelminthes	Stephanostomum tenue*	2003	Definite	Established	Oyster Accidental
Annelids-Polychaetes	Streblospio benedicti	1932	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Tunicates	Styela clava	1949	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-Isopods	Synidotea laticauda	1897	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Mollusks-Gastropods	Tenellia adspersa	1953	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Mollusks-Bivalves	Teredo navalis	1913	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Arthropoda-Insects	Thambemyia borealis*	1994	Definite	Established	Cargo, Hull Fouling
Mollusks-Bivalves	Theora lubrica	1982	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Crustaceans-Copepods	Tortanus dextrilobatus	1993	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Crustaceans-Amphipods	Transorchestia enigmatica	1962	Definite	Established	Dry Ballast
Fishes	Tridentiger barbatus	1994	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Fishes	Tridentiger bifasciatus	1985	Definite	Established	Ballast Water
Fishes	Tridentiger trigonocephalus	1962	Definite	Established	None
Arthropoda-Insects	Trigonotylus uhleri*	1993	Definite	Established	Habitat Restoration
Protozoans	Trochammina hadai*	1983	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Unknown Vector
Annelids-Oligochaetes	Tubificoides apectinatus*	1961	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Dry Ballast, Oyster Accidental
Annelids-Oligochaetes	Tubificoides brownae*	1961	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Dry Ballast, Oyster Accidental
Annelids-Oligochaetes	Tubificoides wasselli*	1961	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Dry Ballast, Hull Fouling
Algae	Undaria pinnatifida	2009	Definite	Established	Ballast Water, Hull Fouling, Natural Dispersal
Crustaceans-Shrimp	Upogebia major	2009	Definite	Established	Biocontrol, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Entoprocts	Urnatella gracilis	1986	Definite	Established	Aquatic Plant Shipments, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Crustaceans-Isopods	Uromunna sp. A	1989	Definite	Established	Aquatic Plant Shipments, Ballast Water, Hull Fouling
Mollusks-Gastropods	Urosalpinx cinerea	1890	Definite	Established	Oyster Accidental
Annelids-Oligochaetes	Varichaetadrilus angustipenis*	1982	Definite	Established	Aquatic Plant Shipments, Ballast Water, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Bryozoans	Victorella pavida	1967	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Bryozoans	Watersipora n. sp.	2002	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling
Bryozoans	Watersipora subatra*	1992	Definite	Established	Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Platyhelminthes	Zoogonus lasius*	2003	Definite	Established	Oyster Accidental

* = Species summary still under review.

p090 (San Francisco Bay) Summary