Invasion
Invasion Description
1st record: CA/San Francisco Bay (1973, Cohen and Carlton 1995)
Geographic Extent
CA/Morro Bay (2000, Fairey et al. 2002; Needles 2007; Needles and Wendt 2012; 2011, California Department of Fish and Wildlife 2014); area around footbridge on South Marsh trail, Moss Landing/CA/Elkhorn Slough (1998, Wasson et al. 2000); Whistlestop Lagoon, Moss Landing/CA/Elkhorn Slough (1998, Wasson et al. 2000); Moss Landing/CA/Moss Landing Harbor (2001, Fairey et al. 2002); Moss Landing/CA/Elkhorn Slough (de Rivera et al. 2003; 2011, California Department of Fish and Wildlife 2014); CA/Monterey Bay (Fairey et al. 2002); Monterey Marina/CA/Monterey Bay (2003, de Rivera et al. 2005); Santa Cruz/CA/Santa Cruz Harbor, Monterey Bay (2003, de Rivera et al. 2005); CA/San Francisco Bay (1973, Cohen and Carlton 1975); Sierra Point Marina/CA/South San Francisco Bay (2004, Cohen et al. 2005); Richmond Marina/CA/Sanfrancisco Bay (2010, Marrafini et al. 2017); Pier 39, San Francisco/CA/San Francisco Bay (2004, Cohen et al. 2005); San Francisco Marina/CA/San Francisco Bay (2010, Marrafini et al. 2017); San Leandro Marina/CA/South San Francisco Bay (2004, Cohen et al. 2005); Coast Guard Island, Oakland/CA/Oakland estuary (2004, Cohen et al. 2005); Presidio Yacht Club, San Francisco/CA/Golden Gate (2004, Cohen et al. 2005); Richmond Marina/CA/San Francisco Bay (2004, Cohen et al. 2005); Pete's Harbor /CA/South San Francisco Bay (2004, Cohen et al. 2005); Coyote Point Marina/CA/South San Francisco Bay (2004, Cohen et al. 2005); Brisbane/CA/Brisbane Lagoon, South San Francisco Bay (2004, Cohen et al. 2005); Fruitvale Bridge, Alameda/CA/Oakland estuary (2004, Cohen et al. 2005); CA/Tomales Bay (2001, Fairey et al. 2002; 2011, California Department of Fish and Wildlife 2014); Clark/CA/Tomales Bay (de Rivera et al. 2005); Marshall/CA/Tomales Bay (de Rivera et al. 2005); Miller Park/CA/Tomales Bay (de Rivera et al. 2005); Nick's Cove/CA/Tomales Bay (deRivera et al. 2005); Sacramento Landing/CA/Tomales Bay (de Rivera et al. 2005); Shell Beach/CA/Tomales Bay (de Rivera et al. 2005); Thomas Station/CA/Tomales Bay (de Rivera et al. 2005); Tomales Beach/CA/Tomales Bay (de Rivera et al. 2005); CA/Bodega Harbor (1969, Boyd 1972, cited by Sorte and Stachowicz 2011); CA/Bodega Harbor (2001, Fairey et al. 2002; 2011, California Department of Fish and Wildlife 2014); Porto Bodega Marina/ CA/Bodega Harbor (de Rivera et al. 2005); Mason's Marina/CA/Bodega Harbor (de Rivera et al. 2005)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Alternate | Hull Fouling |
| Alternate | Oyster Accidental |
Regional Impacts
| Ecological Impact | Competition | |
| Botrylloides violaceus was one of several invasive fouling species which showed increased growth (% coverage) at temperatures 3.5 and 4.5⁰C above the ambient temperature in Bodega Harbor (13.5⁰C), while tha native Distaplia occidentalis showed reduced survival (Sorte et al. 2010). Botrylloides violaceus was one of a group of 7 non-native species, most of which were rare or absent in 1970-1971 species, but were among the 8 most abundant species in 2006. Spawning periods and abundance of species in this group appeared to be favored by a 1⁰C increase in average temperatures at this site over a 30-year period (Sorte and Stachowicz 2011). | ||