Invasion
Invasion Description
1st record: San Francisco/CA/San Francisco Bay (as Parypha microcephala, Agassiz 1865, cited by Carlton 1979)
Geographic Extent
San Francisco/CA/San Francisco Bay (as Parypha microcephala, Agassiz 1865, cited by Carlton 1979); Treasure Island Dock, San Francisco/CA/San Francisco Bay; Hunters Point, San Francisco/CA/San Francisco Bay; Dumbarton Swing (Railway) Bridge, San Francisco/CA/San Francisco Bay; Berkeley Fishing Pier, Berkeley/CA/San Francisco Bay; Port of Richmond Terminal 4, Richmond/CA/San Francisco Bay; Port of Oakland, Oakland/CA/San Francisco Bay; Romberg Tiburon Center, Tiburon/CA/San Francisco Bay; Port of San Francisco Pier 50/CA/San Francisco Bay; Port of San Francisco Pier 23/CA/San Francisco Bay; Port of San Francisco Pier 96/CA/San Francisco Bay; South Hampton Shoal, San Francisco/CA/San Francisco Bay (Ruiz et al., unpublished data); CA/Elkhorn Slough (MacGinitie 1935, cited by Carlton 1979, Wasson et al. 2001); US 1 Bridge, Moss Landing/CA/Elkhorn Slough (1998, Wasson et al. 2001); South Marsh Trail/CA/Elkhorn Slough (1998, Wasson et al. 2001); Kirby Park/CA/Elkhorn Slough (1998, Wasson et al. 2001); Monterey/CA/Monterey Harbor (2011, California Department of Fish and Wildlife 2014); CA/Morro Bay (1986, Needles and Wendt 2012)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Probable | Hull Fouling |
| Alternate | Oyster Accidental |
Regional Impacts
| Ecological Impact | Competition | |
| Ectopleura crocea was a dominant form on fouling plates in San Francisco Bay in late summer and fall, occupying up to 60% of the plates' surface, reaching a peak in October (Okamura 1986). | ||
| Ecological Impact | Habitat Change | |
| The degenerating stalks of Ectopleura crocea provided a filamentous surface for metamorphosing larvae of Mytilus spp. on fouling plates in San Francisco Bay in winter, facilitating the establishment of dense populations in spring (Okamura 1986). | ||