Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record: CA/San Francisco Bay (1941, Carlton 1979; Cohen and Carlton 1995)
Geographic Extent
CA/Morro Bay (1965, Carlton 1979; Fairey et al. 2002, but not present in 2005 survey, Needles 2007; Needles and Wendt 2012; 2011, California Department of Fish and Wildlife 2014; CA/Elkhorn Slough (1998, Wasson et al. 2001); Moss Landing/CA/Moss Landing Harbor (2011, California Department of Fish and Wildlife 2014); CA/San Francisco Bay (1941, Carlton 1979; Cohen and Carlton 1995); CA/San Pablo Bay (San Francisco Bay) (Cohen and Carlton 1995); cargo ship 'Florikan'/CA/Suisun Bay (Llanso et al. 2011); South Bay (San Francisco Bay, (Cohen and Carlton 1995); Point San Pablo/CA/San Pablo Bay (2007, Carr et al. 2011); CA/Richardson Bay 2007, Carr et al. 2011); Keller Beach/CA/Central San Francisco Bay (2007, Carr et al. 2011); Crown Beach/CA/South San Francisco Bay (2007, Carr et al. 2011); Bay Farm Island/CA/South San Francisco Bay (2007, Carr et al. 2011); CA/Bolinas Lagoon (1975, Carlton 1979); CA/Tomales Bay (1942, Carlton 1979; 2001, Fairey et al. 2002; 2011, California Department of Fish and Wildlife 2014)); CA/Bodega Harbor (1975, Carlton 1979; Fairey et al. 2002; 2011, California Department of Fish and Wildlife 2014)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Alternate | Ballast Water |
| Alternate | Hull Fouling |
| Alternate | Oyster Accidental |
| Alternate | Discarded Bait |
Regional Impacts
| Ecological Impact | Herbivory | |
| Ampithoe valida feeds selectively on Eelgrass (Zostera marina) flowers and seeds during the flowering period in San Francisco Bay, in preference to algae or eelgrass leaves. 'Field densities and laboratory consumption rates suggest that this non-native amphipod could remove all seeds in a California eelgrass meadow in 1-3 wk, thus challenging maintenance of genetic diversity and long-term meadow persistence' (Reynolds et al. 2012; Lewis and Boyer 2014). | ||