Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record: CA/San Francisco Bay (1941, Carlton 1979; Cohen and Carlton 1995)
Geographic Extent
cargo ship 'Florikan'/CA/Suisun Bay (Llanso et al. 2011); Martinez/CA/Carquinez Strait (2005, Foss 2009); Napa County, Mare Island/CA/San Pablo Bay (1973, CAS-IZ 146721.00, California Academy of Sciences 2015, 38.1409, -122.282); Point San Pablo/CA/San Pablo Bay (2007, Carr et al. 2011); CA/San Francisco Bay (1941, Carlton 1979; Cohen and Carlton 1995); Angel Island, Tiburuon/CA/Ayala Cove, San Francisco Bay (2005, Foss 2009); CA/San Pablo Bay (San Francisco Bay) (Cohen and Carlton 1995), Napa County, Mare Island/CA/San Pablo Bay (1973, CAS-IZ 146721.00, California Academy of Sciences 2015, 38.1409, -122.282); Point San Pablo/CA/San Pablo Bay (2007, Carr et al. 2011); cargo ship 'Florikan'/CA/Suisun Bay (Llanso et al. 2011); CA/Richardson Bay 2007, Carr et al. 2011); Keller Beach/CA/Central San Francisco Bay (2007, Carr et al. 2011); Coyote Point/CA/South San Francisco Bay (2005, Foss 2009); Crown Beach/CA/South San Francisco Bay (2007, Carr et al. 2011); Bay Farm Island/CA/South San Francisco Bay (2007, Carr et al. 2011)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Alternate | Oyster Accidental |
| Alternate | Ballast Water |
| Alternate | Hull Fouling |
Regional Impacts
| Ecological Impact | Herbivory | |
| Ampithoe valida feeds selectively on Eelgrass (Zostera marina) flowers and seeds during the flowering period in San Francisco Bay, in preference to algae or eelgrass leaves. 'Field densities and laboratory consumption rates suggest that this non-native amphipod could remove all seeds in a California eelgrass meadow in 1-3 wk, thus challenging maintenance of genetic diversity and long-term meadow persistence' (Reynolds et al. 2012; Lewis and Boyer 2014). | ||