Invasion History

First Non-native North American Tidal Record: 1905
First Non-native West Coast Tidal Record: 1905
First Non-native East/Gulf Coast Tidal Record:

General Invasion History:

Monocorophium acherusicum was originally described from Italy in 1857, but has been so widely dispersed by shipping that its native range is unknown. Some authors consider Europe its probable source region (Bousfield and Hoover 1997), while others consider it native to Eastern North America and introduced in European locations (Chapman 2000). It was collected in Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts as early as 1872 (Verrill and Smith 1873, as Corophium cylindricum Say 1818, re-identified as M. acherusicum; Yale Peabody Museum 2014). By 1937, it had also been collected from the Atlantic coasts of France, Holland, the Suez Canal, Senegal, South Africa, Hong Kong, New Zealand, and the West Coast of North America (Shoemaker 1934; Crawford 1937). It is also known from Texas to central Maine (Bousfield 1973; Lecroy 2004), Cuba (Ortiz et al. 2007), Venezuela (Ortiz et al. 2007), Brazil (Bahia to Sao Paulo 8-25°S; Valério-Berardo and Miyagi 2000), Australia (Fearn-Wannan 1968), Hawaii (Shoemaker 1947), Japan (Onbe 1966), the Black Sea and the Mediterranean (Bellan-Santini et al. 1982; Sezgün et al. 2001), the Azores (Chevreux 1900, cited by Lopes et al. 1992), and Spain to the Hebrides in Scotland (Lincoln 1979; Cacabelos et al. 2010). Recent new records from the Gulf of St Lawrence, Quebec (Adebayo et al. 2013); Dublin, Ireland (Daniels et al. 2015); and Helgoland, Germany, in the North Sea (Beerman and Franke 2011) suggest that this amphipod is still extending its range, possibly reflecting climate change and ship transport.

North American Invasion History:

Invasion History on the West Coast:

Monocorphium acherusicum was first collected in the Northeast Pacific as early as 1905 in Yaquina Bay, Oregon; 1915 in Puget Sound, Washington; and 1912 in San Francisco Bay, California. It now ranges from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada to Baja California, Mexico (Carlton 1979; Cohen and Carlton 1995). Early vectors for introduction included transfer with Eastern Oyster transplants and hull fouling (Carlton 1979). This amphipod was first reported from southern California in 1946 (Mohr and Leveque 1948, cited by Carlton 1979), in Los Angeles Long Beach Harbors, where it was very abundant by 1950 (Barnard 1958). It was collected in Newport Bay before 1947 (Shoemaker 1947), San Diego Bay in 1950 (Barnard 1958), and as far south as Bahia de San Quintin, Mexico in 1960 (Barnard 1964, cited by Carlton 1979). It is now known from most of the harbors and estuaries from San Diego to Port Hueneme (Carlton 1979; Cohen et al. 2002). Ballast water and fouling were/are probably important vectors in this region.

Monocorophium acherusicum was first collected in San Francisco Bay in 1912, and now ranges throughout the estuary, into the brackish waters of Suisun Bay and the Delta, where it has been collected as far upstream as Collinsville (Cohen and Carlton 1995; Light et al. 2005). On the central California Coast, it is also known from Morro Bay (Reish and Barnard 1960, cited by Carlton 1979), Elkhorn Slough (Shoemaker 1947; Carlton 1979; Wasson et al. 2001), Bolinas Lagoon (Light 1969, cited by Carlton 1979), Tomales Bay (Johnson and Juskevice 1965, cited by Carlton 1979; 2001, Fairey et al. 2002), and Bodega Harbor (Standing 1975, cited by Carlton 1979; Fairey et al. 2002).

In more northern waters, M. acherusicum was collected in 1905 in Yaquina Bay, Oregon (OR) and occurs in Humboldt Bay, California (1st record 1971; Stout 1971, cited by Carlton 1979; Boyd et al. 2002); Coos Bay, OR (1st record 1942, Barnard 1954, cited by Carlton 1979; Carlton 1989); Tillamook Bay, OR (1st record 1996, Golden et al. 1988), and Willapa Bay, Washington (WA) (1st record 2000, Cohen et al. 2001). Monocorophium acherusicum was found very early in Puget Sound, WA (1st record 1915, USNM specimen, Carlton 1979) and in the Straits of Georgia, British Columbia (1st record 1939, Bousfield and Hoover 1997).

Invasion History in Hawaii:

Monocorophium acherusicum was first reported from Waikiki Bay, Oahu in 1943, and from Pearl Harbor in 1973. It was also collected in three small harbors in Honolulu, Keehi Lagoon, Ala Wai Harbor, and Kewalo Basin in 1997-98 (Coles et al. 1999a; Coles et al. 1999b; Carlton and Eldredge 2009).

Invasion History Elsewhere in the World:

As noted above, M. acherusicum was collected on both sides of the Atlantic in the mid-to-late 19th century, although most American specimens were identified as 'Corophium cylindricum Say 1818'. Some of the equatorial and southern records appear to be spotty, and reflective either of ship transport or limited collecting. However, populations in southern South America and South Africa are considered introduced. It was collected from the Rio de la Plata, Argentina in 1969 (U.S. National Museum of Natural History 2015), and has been collected as far south as Rio Gallegos, Argentina (51.5°S, Schwindt et al. 2014). This amphipod was first reported in South Africa in Durban, on the Indian Ocean, in 1915, but was widespread in most major ports by 1976 (Shoemaker 1947; Griffiths et al. 2009; Mead et al. 2011a; Mead et al. 2011b). By 1947, M. acherusicum was found in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Shoremaker 1947). It also occurs in Mauritius (Appado and Myers 2004) and India (Madras, Nayar 1959; Mumbai, Sivaprakasam 1970). It was collected in Hong Kong in 1937 (Crawford 1937; Shoemaker 1947), and by 1955, it was found in Japan at Fukuyama Harbor, in the Seto Inland Sea (1955, Onbe 1966; Doi et al. 2011). This amphipod is now widespread in the Northwest Pacific, in waters of China (Huang 2001), Korea (Hong 1993), and Vladivostok, Russia (1st record 1975, Zvyagintsev 2003). Its current northern limit is the eastern shelf of Sakhalin Island in the Sea of Japan (2002, Zvyagintsev 2003).

In the Southwest Pacific, M. acherusicum was first collected in Lyttelton Harbour, Christchurch, New Zealand in 1881 (Thomson 1881, cited by Hurley 1954). In more recent baseline port surveys, it was found in Tauranga, Gisborne, and Whangarei on the North Island and Timaru, Lyttelton, and Dunedin on the South Island, New Zealand (Inglis et al. 2005). In Australia, M. acherusicum was first discovered at Port Jackson, Sydney, New South Wales (Chilton 1921, cited by Poore and Storey 1999), and at Port Phillip Bay, in Victoria in 1963 (Fearn-Warren 1968; Poore and Storey 1999). It is also present in Western Australia in the Swan River estuary at Bunbury (Poore and Storey 1999) and at Esperance on the southern coast (Hewitt et al. unpublished).


Description

Monocorophium acherusicum has a slender, depressed body, with small, separated coxal plates. Its urosome segments are fused and it lacks a dorso-lateral ridge. The antennae and the anterior edge of the head are sexually dimorphic in this species. In males, the rostrum is very small and recessed behind the eyes, but much more prominent in females, and projecting ahead of the eyes. In males, the ocular lobes extend forward, and Antenna 2 is much larger and heavier than Antenna 1. While in females, Antenna 2 is only slightly longer, and somewhat more robust than Antenna 1. In males, the first segment (peduncle) of antenna 1 is enlarged at the proximal end, forming a dorsal bump. The inner margin of segment 1 has one small distal spine. The flagellum has 6-8 segments. In females, segment 1 of Antenna 1 is not enlarged, and the inner margin bears 3-4 stout spines, with 4-5 more spines on the ventral margin. The male Antenna 2 has segment 4 enlarged, with its distal end prolonged into a large, curved tooth. Segment 5 has a tooth near the proximal end which nearly opposes the tooth on segment 4. Segments 4 and 5 of the male's Antenna 2 have relatively few setae. In females, segment 4 of antenna 2 bears 3 pairs of stout posterior spines, and a single distal spine. Segments 4 and 5 of the female's Antenna 2 also have more setae than the males. 

The gnathopods are not especially large or conspicuous in this genus. Segment 5 of Gnathopod 1 is longer than segment 6, and the dactyl (segment 7) is longer than the palm of segment 6. On Gnathopod 2, segment 5 is longer than segment 2, and the dactyl bears 2 prominent teeth. Pereiopods 3 and 4 have segment 2 lacking setae, and have long, backward-curving dactyls. Pereiopod 7 is nearly twice as long as Pereiopod 6, and has a long, forward-curving dactyl. As noted above, the urosome segments are fused, without lateral ridges. The peduncle of Uropod 1 has 3 stout spines on the inner margin. The outer ramus of Uropod 2 is shorter than the inner one. Uropod 3 is uniramous, with the ramus shorter than the peduncle. Adults are about 3-6 mm long (Shoemaker 1934a; Bousfield 1973; Lincoln 1979; Bousfield and Hoover 1997; Lecroy 2004; Chapman 2007). The centers of the pleonites and the segments of Antenna 2 are dark brown, mottled with white. There is a patch of pigment between the eyes, but it does not extend to the back of the head (Bousfield 1973). The borders of the pleonites and most of the appendages are white (photo in Barnett 2013). Description based on: Shoemaker 1934a, Bousfield 1973, Lincoln 1979, Bousfield and Hoover 1997, Lecroy 2004, Chapman 2007 and Barnett 2013. 


Taxonomy

Taxonomic Tree

Kingdom:   Animalia
Phylum:   Arthropoda
Subphylum:   Crustacea
Class:   Malacostraca
Subclass:   Eumalacostraca
Superorder:   Peracarida
Order:   Amphipoda
Suborder:   Gammaridea
Family:   Corophiidae
Genus:   Monocorophium
Species:   acherusicum

Synonyms

Andouinia acherusica (Costa, 1857)
Corophium cylindricum (Verrill and Smith, 1873)
Corophium acheruzicum (None, None)
Corophium ascherusicum (None, None)
Monocorophium acherusicum (Bousfield and Hoover, 1997)
Podocerus cylindricus (Say, 1818)

Potentially Misidentified Species

Crassicorophium bonellii
A species of uncertain taxonomic status, not reported from the Northeast Pacific, possibly a parthenogenetic form of M. acherusicum or M. insidiosum, reported from high latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, including the Northwest Pacific (Bousfield and Hoover 1997, Chapman 2007).

Monocorophium californiensis
Northeast Pacific native, Monterey Bay to British Columbia (Bousfield and Hoover 1997; Chapman 2007)

Monocorophium carlottensis
Northeast Pacific native, Puget Sound to Prince William Sound (Bousfield and Hoover 1997; Chapman 2007)

Monocorophium insidiosum
Native to North Atlantic, introduced to Pacific (Bousfield and Hoover 1997; Chapman 2007)

Monocorophium oaklandense
Possibly an intersex form of M. insidiosum (Chapman 2007)

Monocorophium uenoi
Native to Northwest Pacific, introduced from Humboldt Bay to Bahia San Quintin, Mexico (Carlton 1979; Chapman 2007).

Ecology

General:

Moncorophium acherusicum is a sedentary tube dwelling amphipod, which inhabits soft and hard substrates, as epifauna and infauna. Gammarid amphipods have separate sexes, brooded embryos, and direct development (Bousfield 1973). Females tend to be larger than males, reaching 6 mm, versus 4.5 mm for males (Onbe 1966; Bousfield 1973).  In temperate climates, breeding is seasonal, e.g. May-September in New England (Bousfield 1973), or year-round, but more frequent, and starting at smaller female body-sizes in summer (2.2 mm) and winter (3.0 mm) in Fukuyama Harbor, Japan (Onbe 1966). The brood size of females is related to body size, with 2-4 eggs for the smallest females, and 60-70 eggs for an ~6 mm female (Onbe 1966).

Moncorophium acherusicum ranges from cold-temperate to tropical climates, and tolerates ice-covered winter conditions and temperatures as high as 30C (Lee et al. 2005). In experiments, it tolerated salinities as low as 6 PSU (Onbe 1966). In San Francisco Bay, it was found in the Delta and Suisun Bay during drought periods at 5-15 PSU, but was most abundant in San Pablo Bay, and the South and Central Bays at 25-30 PSU (Cohen and Carlton 1995; Lee et al. 2003; Peterson and Vaysierres 2010). Monocorophium acherusicum secretes threads of 'amphipod silk', to which the sediment detritus is attached, to form its tubes. When the amphipods are abundant, the tubes form a mass in which the openings point outward or upward (Barnard et al. 1988). The tubes can be formed on the sediment surface, or attached to fouling on vertical surfaces such as rocks or pilings, or other fouling organisms (Barnard 1958). Monocorophium acherusicum is a sedentary tube dweller much of the time, but does swim and occurs in the zooplankton, especially at night, or following disturbance by storms and river runoff (Grabe 1996). 'Unlike other tubicolous animals, the amphipods are not obligatorily sessile, but move in and out of the tubes in search of food and to mate. Migration rates are high among the tubicolous amphipods, as evidence by their early appearance on fresh blocks (experimental substrates)' (Barnard 1958). Reported substrates of M. acherusicum include: rocks, pilings, pontoons, floats, buoys, ropes of set-nets, ships' hulls, oyster shells, Eelgrass (Zostera marina, Z. japonica), hydroids, macroalgae, and sponges (Crawford 1937; Barnard 1958; Onbe 1966; Fearn-Wannan 1968; Long 1968; Marsh 1972; Bellan-Santini et al. 1982; Berkenbusch and Rowden 2007).

When feeding, Moncorophium acherusicum sit at the mouths of their tubes, waving their antennae, capturing phytoplankton and organic detritus (Barnard 1958). We have not found studies of the feeding of M. acherusicum, but like other corophiid amphipods, it probably is capable of feeding on detritus and benthic microalgae on the sediment surface, and grazing on filamentous epiphytic algae growing on seaweeds and seagrasses (Bousfield 1973). Fishes appear to be the major predators on M. acherusicum. In a mesocosm experiment in the Fraser River Delta, British Columbia, the exclusion of fishes led to a dramatic increase in this amphipod's abundance (Amundred et al. 2015).

Food:

Phytoplankton; Detritus

Consumers:

Fishes, crabs, shrimps

Competitors:

Other filter-feeding amphipods

Trophic Status:

Suspension Feeder

SusFed

Habitats

General HabitatGrass BedNone
General HabitatCoarse Woody DebrisNone
General HabitatUnstructured BottomNone
General HabitatOyster ReefNone
General HabitatMarinas & DocksNone
General HabitatVessel HullNone
Salinity RangeMesohaline5-18 PSU
Salinity RangePolyhaline18-30 PSU
Salinity RangeEuhaline30-40 PSU
Tidal RangeSubtidalNone
Tidal RangeLow IntertidalNone
Vertical HabitatEpibenthicNone
Vertical HabitatEndobenthicNone


Tolerances and Life History Parameters

Minimum Temperature (ºC)0Based on range (Bousfield 1973)
Maximum Temperature (ºC)30Experimental (Lee et al. 2005, highest tested), Korea
Minimum Salinity (‰)6Experimental (Onbe 1966)
Maximum Salinity (‰)40Experimental (Lee et al. 2005, highest tested), Korea
Minimum Length (mm)1.3Adult males, 2.2 for females (Onbe 1966, Japan)
Maximum Length (mm)6Adult females, 4.5 for males (Onbe 1966, Japan)
Broad Temperature RangeNoneCold temperate-Tropical
Broad Salinity RangeNoneMesohaline-Euhaline

General Impacts

Monocorophium acherusicum is a widespread fouling organism, building masses of tubes, constructed of sediment and detritus, on ships' hulls, docks, and aquaculture structures (Crawford 1937; Shoemaker 1947; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 1952; Barnard 1958; Onbe 1966). It is also abundant in soft substrates of bays and estuaries, and is probably an important grazer of phytoplankton and benthic and epiphytic microalgae, as well as an important prey item for fishes. Monocorophium acherusicum's tube-building is a form of ecological engineering. It is often an early colonizer of fresh pilings, creating habitat which is used by other organisms (Barnard 1958).

Economic Impacts

Monocorophium acherusicum can foul pilings, covering them with masses of tubes covered with sediment, which is probably unattractive in marinas. However, the fouling perhaps provides a benefit by discouraging boring organisms such as shipworms and gribbles (Barnard 1958). In Japan, fouling by M. acherusicum affected the culture of seaweeds and oysters (Onbe 1966).

Ecological impacts

Monocorophium acherusicum's tubes on man-made and natural surfaces provide a major habitat alteration, probably facilitating settlement of some organisms, but discouraging others. Barnard (1958) described a pattern of succession in Los Angeles Harbor, in which corophiid amphipods, dominated by M. acherusicum, settled first on new pilings, followed by polychaetes and tunicates. However, Onbe (1966) found that few other organisms settled on surfaces heavily covered with M. acherusicum's tubes. As an opportunistic suspension/deposit feeder, M. acherusicum could affect the abundance of phytplankton in estuaries (Nichols and Thompson 1985a). High densities of corophiid amphipods could also affect the stability of sediments and the degree of erosion in estuaries (Talman et al. 1999).

Regional Impacts

NEP-VIPt. Conception to Southern Baja CaliforniaEconomic ImpactShipping/Boating
Monocorophium acherusicum fouls pilings, covering them with masses of tubes covered with sediment, but perhaps a benefit by discouraging boring organisms (Barnard 1958).
NEP-VIPt. Conception to Southern Baja CaliforniaEcological ImpactHabitat Change
Dense masses of corophiid tubes may discourage settlement by boring organisms and by other foulers, such as the tunicate Ciona intestinalis (Barnard 1958). They also may provide habitat for other organisms, such as predatory polychaetes (Barnard 1958).
P050San Pedro BayEconomic ImpactShipping/Boating
Fouling pilings, covering them with masses of tubes covered with sediment, but perhaps a benefit by discourage boring organisms (Barnard 1958).
P050San Pedro BayEcological ImpactHabitat Change
Dense masses of corophiid tubes may discourage settlement by boring organisms and by other foulers, such as the tunicate Ciona intestinalis (Barnard 1958). They also may provide habitat for other organisms, such as predatory polychaetes (Barnard 1958).
NEP-VNorthern California to Mid Channel IslandsEcological ImpactHerbivory
Nichols and Thompson (1985) suggested that an upstream movement of abundant suspension-feeding benthos, including M. acherusicum, was responsible for a decline in phytoplankton biomass in Suisun Bay during 1976-1977, a dry period of high salinity (Nichols and Thompson 1985).
P090San Francisco BayEcological ImpactHerbivory
Nichols and Thompson (1985) suggested that an upstream movement of abundant suspension-feeding benthos, including M. acherusicum, was responsible for a decline in phytoplankton biomass in Suisun Bay during 1976-1977, a dry period of high salinity (Nichols and Thompson 1985).
CACaliforniaEcological ImpactHabitat Change
Dense masses of corophiid tubes may discourage settlement by boring organisms and by other foulers, such as the tunicate Ciona intestinalis (Barnard 1958). They also may provide habitat for other organisms, such as predatory polychaetes (Barnard 1958).
CACaliforniaEcological ImpactHerbivory
Nichols and Thompson (1985) suggested that an upstream movement of abundant suspension-feeding benthos, including M. acherusicum, was responsible for a decline in phytoplankton biomass in Suisun Bay during 1976-1977, a dry period of high salinity (Nichols and Thompson 1985)., Nichols and Thompson (1985) suggested that an upstream movement of abundant suspension-feeding benthos, including M. acherusicum, was responsible for a decline in phytoplankton biomass in Suisun Bay during 1976-1977, a dry period of high salinity (Nichols and Thompson 1985).
CACaliforniaEconomic ImpactShipping/Boating
Fouling pilings, covering them with masses of tubes covered with sediment, but perhaps a benefit by discourage boring organisms (Barnard 1958).

Regional Distribution Map

Bioregion Region Name Year Invasion Status Population Status
P065 _CDA_P065 (Santa Barbara Channel) 2011 Def Estab
P058 _CDA_P058 (San Pedro Channel Islands) 2011 Def Estab
P030 Mission Bay 2011 Def Estab
P060 Santa Monica Bay 2000 Def Estab
P027 _CDA_P027 (Aliso-San Onofre) 2000 Def Estab
P023 _CDA_P023 (San Louis Rey-Escondido) 2000 Def Estab
P061 _CDA_P061 (Los Angeles) 1978 Def Estab
P112 _CDA_P112 (Bodega Bay) 1971 Def Estab
P130 Humboldt Bay 1971 Def Estab
P095 _CDA_P095 (Tomales-Drakes Bay) 1969 Def Estab
P062 _CDA_P062 (Calleguas) 1962 Def Estab
P110 Tomales Bay 1961 Def Estab
P070 Morro Bay 1960 Def Estab
P020 San Diego Bay 1950 Def Estab
P050 San Pedro Bay 1948 Def Estab
P080 Monterey Bay 1947 Def Estab
P040 Newport Bay 1947 Def Estab
NEP-VI Pt. Conception to Southern Baja California 1946 Def Estab
P090 San Francisco Bay 1912 Def Estab
NEP-V Northern California to Mid Channel Islands 1912 Def Estab
P093 _CDA_P093 (San Pablo Bay) 1912 Def Estab
NEP-IV Puget Sound to Northern California 1905 Def Estab

Occurrence Map

OCC_ID Author Year Date Locality Status Latitude Longitude
696992 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-09-18 Humboldt Bay Epifaunal 06 Def 40.7978 -124.1920
696998 Introduced Species Study 2003 2003-08-27 Loch Lomond 11 Def 37.9723 -122.4777
697010 Cohen et al. 2002 (So Cal Exotics RAS) 2000 2000-08-25 Port Hueneme Sportfishing Def 34.1481 -119.2019
697088 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-08-25 Ferry Terminal Pier Def 37.7945 -122.3917
697092 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-12 Ferry Terminal Pier Def 37.7945 -122.3917
697142 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-26 Commercial Wharf Def 34.1478 -119.2077
697175 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-29 Mare Island Strait - Navy Def 38.1015 -122.2695
697220 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-09-18 Humboldt Bay Epifaunal 07 Def 40.7976 -124.1862
697224 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-08-16 Long Beach Epifaunal 01 Def 33.7596 -118.1865
697229 Maloney et al. 2007 2005 2005-06-29 Kelco Dock Def 32.6927 -117.1470
697251 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-27 Pete's Harbor, San Francisco Bay Def 37.5006 -122.2242
697267 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-09 Wood-loading/Barge Dock Def 40.7327 -124.2192
697286 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-11 Cal Maritime Academy/Vallejo Def 38.0661 -122.2299
697315 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-06 Tomales Bay Boat Launch Def 38.1991 -122.9220
697322 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-10 Tomales Bay Boat Launch Def 38.1991 -122.9220
697377 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-07-11 Los Angeles Epifaunal 01 Def 33.7348 -118.2478
697432 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-19 Newport Bay Harbor Entrance Def 33.5974 -117.8798
697436 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-01 The Steelhead/MBARI Bridge Def 36.8005 -121.7877
697490 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-09-18 Humboldt Bay Epifaunal 08 Def 40.8039 -124.1767
697546 Introduced Species Study 2003 2003-08-27 Loch Lomond 2 Def 37.9717 -122.4811
697577 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-07 Benicia Waterfront Def 38.0401 -122.1385
697578 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-29 Benicia Waterfront Def 38.0401 -122.1385
697648 Cohen et al. 2002 (So Cal Exotics RAS) 2000 2000-08-25 Jack's Landing Def 34.1636 -119.2228
697674 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-20 Port Sonoma/Petaluma R. Def 38.1157 -122.5026
697675 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-13 Port Sonoma/Petaluma R. Def 38.1157 -122.5026
697721 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-07-07 Tiburon Def 37.8883 -122.4445
697781 Maloney et al. 2007 2005 2005-04-26 San Diego Bay Commercial Fishing Fleet Def 32.7109 -117.1739
697785 Maloney et al. 2007 2005 2005-06-29 San Diego Bay Commercial Fishing Fleet Def 32.7109 -117.1739
697792 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-08-15 Newport Beach Epifaunal 05 Def 33.6212 -117.9364
697801 Cohen et al. 2002 (So Cal Exotics RAS) 2000 2000-08-29 Marina del Rey Def 33.9722 -118.4522
697824 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-03 Berkeley Marina Def 37.8676 -122.3172
697866 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-09-12 Ski Islands Marina Def 32.7939 -117.2232
697869 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-05-04 Ski Islands Marina Def 32.7939 -117.2232
697901 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-05 Port of Oakland Office Def 37.7954 -122.2804
697908 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-02 Port of Oakland Office Def 37.7954 -122.2804
697972 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-22 Draw Bridge Def 33.7645 -118.2428
698036 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-28 Point Richmond Piers Def 37.9085 -122.3913
698064 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-29 San Mateo Bridge Def 37.5806 -122.2543
698129 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-05-04 Hilton Resort Dock Def 32.7788 -117.2127
698133 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-09-12 Hilton Resort Dock Def 32.7788 -117.2127
698174 Markmann 1986 1977 Suisun Bay Def 38.0713 -122.0581
698252 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-23 Pier 39, San Francisco Bay Def 37.8114 -122.4098
698270 Boyd et al. 2002 (Humboldt Bay Report) 2002 Hookton Slough Def 40.6775 -124.2218
698299 Cohen et al. 2002 (So Cal Exotics RAS) 2000 2000-08-25 Anacapa Isle Marina Def 34.1731 -119.2269
698307 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-20 Loch Lomond Marina Area Def 37.9720 -122.4832
698314 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-01 Loch Lomond Marina Area Def 37.9720 -122.4832
698364 Cohen et al. 2002 (So Cal Exotics RAS) 2000 2000-08-28 Oceanside Harbor Def 33.2094 -117.3947
698370 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-01 Richardson Bay Def 37.8588 -122.4798
698374 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-21 Richardson Bay Def 37.8588 -122.4798
698399 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-13 Morro Bay Epifaunal 02 Def 35.3644 -120.8549
698407 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-25 Presidio Yacht Club, San Francisco Bay Def 37.8326 -122.4741
698432 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-07-11 Los Angeles Epifaunal 03 Def 33.7684 -118.2782
698435 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-01 B-Dock Def 36.8027 -121.7851
698456 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-28 Santa Fe Channel - Front Def 37.9101 -122.3644
698493 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-14 Romberg Tiburon Center Def 37.8906 -122.4458
698496 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-21 Romberg Tiburon Center Def 37.8906 -122.4458
698501 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-06-09 Romberg Tiburon Center Def 37.8906 -122.4458
698533 Maloney et al. 2007 2005 2005-04-27 Glorietta Bay Def 32.6796 -117.1740
698581 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-28 Morro Bay Commercial Fishing Dock Def 35.3691 -120.8552
698588 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-07-11 Marina Del Rey Epifaunal 02 Def 33.9828 -118.4467
698597 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-27 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay Def 37.5907 -122.3180
698647 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-08 Humboldt Chevron Pier Def 40.7781 -124.1962
698709 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-05-03 Marine Terminal (Paco) Def 32.6584 -117.1191
698720 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-07 Private Dock Def 34.1798 -119.2297
698779 Maloney et al. 2007 2005 2005-06-28 Navy - 28th St. Def 32.6836 -117.1311
698814 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-28 Morro Bay Boat Yard Def 35.3570 -120.8492
698815 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-05 Morro Bay Boat Yard Def 35.3570 -120.8492
698848 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-09-13 Guest Dock Def 33.2091 -117.3947
698904 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-08 Giant Fisherman Def 40.8070 -124.1666
698916 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-20 Point San Pablo Yacht Harbor Def 37.9643 -122.4185
698920 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-14 Point San Pablo Yacht Harbor Def 37.9643 -122.4185
698956 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-05-04 Dana Inn Marina Def 32.7671 -117.2362
698991 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-08-14 Dana Point Epifaunal 01 Def 33.4615 -117.7031
699010 Boyd et al. 2002 (Humboldt Bay Report) 2002 Woodley Island, West End Def 40.8070 -124.1667
699033 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-25 CIYC Guest Slip Def 34.1641 -119.2255
699050 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-20 Petaluma River Turning Basin Def 38.2344 -122.6354
699102 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-06-09 Paradise Cay Def 37.9146 -122.4776
699111 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-21 Paradise Cay Def 37.9146 -122.4776
699115 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-14 Paradise Cay Def 37.9146 -122.4776
699167 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-07-11 Marina Del Rey Epifaunal 03 Def 33.9703 -118.4494
699212 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-03 Treasure Island Def 37.8149 -122.3702
699266 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-02 Oakland Inner Harbor - Shipping cranes Def 37.7947 -122.3095
699306 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-20 San Pablo Bay Pumphouse Def 38.0446 -122.4326
699309 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-15 San Pablo Bay Pumphouse Def 38.0446 -122.4326
699344 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-12 Saint Francis Yacht Harbor Def 37.8066 -122.4463
699349 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-08 Saint Francis Yacht Harbor Def 37.8066 -122.4463
699383 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-13 Coyote Point Def 37.5920 -122.3210
699384 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-07-06 Coyote Point Def 37.5920 -122.3210
699475 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-13 Port Hueneme Infaunal 02 Def 34.1531 -119.2101
699523 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-26 Point San Pablo Yacht Harbor, San Pablo Bay Def 37.9624 -122.4188
699543 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-05-31 Redwood Creek - Shipping Def 37.5120 -122.2109
699650 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-12 Pier 45 Def 37.8111 -122.4196
699652 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-08 Pier 45 Def 37.8111 -122.4196
699682 Cohen et al. 2002 (So Cal Exotics RAS) 2000 2000-08-29 King Harbor Def 33.8464 -118.3969
699764 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-19 Mare Island Strait - Marina Def 38.1051 -122.2667
699814 Maloney et al. 2007 2005 2005-04-27 Coronado Wharf Def 32.6992 -117.1684
699839 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-06-09 Paradise Area Def 37.9062 -122.4768
699871 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-05-31 Redwood Creek - Marina Def 37.5021 -122.2130
699876 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-07 Redwood Creek - Marina Def 37.5021 -122.2130
699908 Introduced Species Study 2003 2003-08-26 BerkeleyHarbor Def 37.8666 -122.3176
699950 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-05-31 Dumbarton Bridge Def 37.5070 -122.1168
699970 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-07-08 Point Richmond Def 37.9212 -122.3871
699997 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-12 McNears Beach Def 37.9962 -122.4556
700010 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-06-09 McNears Beach Def 37.9962 -122.4556
700015 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-12 Cruise Ship Pier Def 37.8085 -122.4060
700078 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-26 Wharf 4 Def 34.1500 -119.2100
700095 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-09 Wooden Structure Debris Def 40.7233 -124.2232
700118 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-05-05 Middle Harbor Yacht Slip Def 33.2106 -117.3960
700165 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-08 Commercial Fishing Fleet Dock Def 34.1482 -119.2020
700169 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-26 Commercial Fishing Fleet Dock Def 34.1482 -119.2020
700186 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-01 MLML Small Boats Def 36.8041 -121.7860
700224 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-05-06 The Tuna Club Def 33.3461 -118.3268
700251 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-07-12 Huntington Harbour Epifaunal 04 Def 33.7278 -118.0787
700308 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-03 Berkeley Flats/Berkeley Pier Def 37.8600 -122.3256
700382 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-09-15 Dana Point Harbor Mouth Slip Def 33.4594 -117.6941
700403 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-19 Near Huntington Launch Ramp Def 33.7279 -118.0786
700418 Cohen et al. 2002 (So Cal Exotics RAS) 2000 2000-08-28 Snug Harbor Marina Def 33.1478 -117.3322
700471 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-09 Coyote Point Marina Def 37.5905 -122.3177
700475 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-01 Coyote Point Marina Def 37.5905 -122.3177
700518 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-06-08 Sea Plane Lagoon Def 37.7761 -122.2998
700546 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-07-10 Channel Islands Harbor Epifaunal 05 Def 34.1739 -119.2236
700580 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-05-16 Harbormaster Launch Ramp Def 36.6023 -121.8907
700599 Introduced Species Study 2003 2003-08-26 BerkeleyHarbor2 Def 37.8672 -122.3157
700629 MEC Analytical Systems, Inc. et al. 2002 (Los Angeles/Long Beach Baseline Study of 2000) 2000 Los Angeles/Long Beach Harbor Complex Def 33.7632 -118.2526
700738 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-22 Backside of Working Container Ship Pier Def 33.7667 -118.2774
700758 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-28 Derelict Boat Def 35.3589 -120.8524
700796 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-01 Sea Plane Harbor Def 37.6349 -122.3848
700848 Maloney et al. 2007 2005 2005-04-26 Harbor Island Marina Def 32.7266 -117.2128
700864 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-18 Pacheco Creek Oil Pier Def 38.0489 -122.0903
700962 Nybakken et al. 1977; J. Nybakken, pers. comm., 1977, in Carlton 1979a 1977 Elkhorn Slough General Location Def 36.8086 -121.7856
701045 Cohen et al. 2002 (So Cal Exotics RAS) 2000 2000-08-31 Colorado Lagoon Def 33.7711 -118.1347
701058 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-01 Middle of the Slough Def 36.8112 -121.7793
701059 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-21 Middle of the Slough Def 36.8112 -121.7793
701324 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-29 Dilapidated Dock Area Def 40.7291 -124.2198
701325 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-09 Dilapidated Dock Area Def 40.7291 -124.2198
701339 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-28 Santa Fe Channel - Back Def 37.9207 -122.3684
701386 Boyd et al. 2002 (Humboldt Bay Report) 2002 Mad River Slough Channel St. 11 Def 40.8273 -124.1649
701400 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-05-05 Oceanside Commercial Fishing Dock Def 33.2057 -117.3897
701418 Maloney et al. 2007 2005 2005-04-27 Derelict Graveyard Def 32.6477 -117.1269
701430 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-30 Hercules Wharf Def 38.0231 -122.2928
701433 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-19 Hercules Wharf Def 38.0231 -122.2928
701464 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-13 Morro Bay Epifaunal 05 Def 35.3644 -120.8549
701469 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-06 Harbor Entrance Def 34.4069 -119.6913
701470 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-27 Harbor Entrance Def 34.4069 -119.6913
701811 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-02 Ballena Bay Def 37.7661 -122.2834
701812 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-05 Ballena Bay Def 37.7661 -122.2834
701845 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-21 APL Terminal Def 33.7348 -118.2479
701858 Introduced Species Study 2003 2003-08-26 BerkeleyHarbor3 Def 37.8654 -122.3124
701871 Boyd et al. 2002 (Humboldt Bay Report) 2002 Mad River Slough Channel St. 9 Def 40.8347 -124.1580
701873 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-05-05 Ocean Institute Dock Def 33.4622 -117.7063
701969 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-13 Morro Bay Epifaunal 04 Def 35.3644 -120.8549
701992 Maloney et al. 2007 2005 2005-04-26 America's Cup Harbor Def 32.7239 -117.2240
702001 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-05-03 America's Cup Harbor Def 32.7239 -117.2240
702042 Introduced Species Study 2003 2003-08-27 Loch Lomond Def 37.9719 -122.4838
702047 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-07-11 Los Angeles Epifaunal 04 Def 33.7655 -118.2529
702080 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-01 Corinthian Marina Def 37.8726 -122.4563
702293 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-13 Ayala Cove Def 37.8680 -122.4350
702294 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-01 Ayala Cove Def 37.8680 -122.4350
702295 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-08-19 Ayala Cove Def 37.8680 -122.4350
702455 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-10 Tony's Place Def 38.1466 -122.8832
702552 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-29 Eureka Boat Launch Def 40.8040 -124.1766
702565 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-13 Morro Bay Epifaunal 03 Def 35.3644 -120.8549
702664 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-26 Alpha Wharf Def 34.1528 -119.2101
702668 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-22 Yacht Haven Marina Def 33.7655 -118.2528
702683 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-12 Potrero Point Def 37.7521 -122.3790
702817 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-20 LA/Long Beach Coast Guard Pier Def 33.7233 -118.2685
702888 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-22 NW Corner of Harbor Def 33.9830 -118.4564
702946 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-10 Golden Hinde Small Marina Def 38.1078 -122.8623
702962 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-23 Sierra Point Marina, San Francisco Bay Def 37.6732 -122.3807
703037 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-21 Long Beach Downtown Marina - ISS Def 33.7594 -118.1866
703054 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-05-03 San Diego Bay Cruise Ship Terminal Def 32.7168 -117.1759
703103 Maloney et al. 2007 2005 2005-04-26 Switzer Creek Def 32.7043 -117.1615
703147 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-07-12 Huntington Harbour Epifaunal 02 Def 33.7175 -118.0658
703160 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-08 The Log Ride Def 40.7991 -124.1903
703182 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-23 Under the Bridge Def 33.7697 -118.2284
703206 Maloney et al. 2007 2005 2005-06-28 Ballast Point Def 32.6861 -117.2348
703210 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-26 Wharf Charlie Def 34.1532 -119.2095
703283 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-11-15 China Camp Def 38.0025 -122.4617
703290 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-12 China Camp Def 38.0025 -122.4617
703363 Maloney et al. 2007 2005 2005-04-27 Coronado Cays Def 32.6274 -117.1329
703376 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-10 Lawson's Landing Def 38.2314 -122.9680
703394 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-06-07 Oakland Inner Harbor - Small marinas Def 37.7847 -122.2669
703418 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-11-08 Port Hueneme Epifaunal 02 Def 34.1497 -119.2100
703427 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-29 Most Exposed Site/Channel Marker Def 40.7426 -124.2269
703430 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-09 Most Exposed Site/Channel Marker Def 40.7426 -124.2269
703463 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-09-14 Back Bay Marina Def 33.6194 -117.8933
703464 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-19 Back Bay Marina Def 33.6194 -117.8933
703471 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-25 Commercial Fishing Dock Def 34.1696 -119.2285
703502 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-09-13 North Corner of Harbor Def 33.2122 -117.3954
703534 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-19 Balboa Coves Def 33.6213 -117.9364
703559 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-26 Wharf 5 Def 34.1516 -119.2072
703567 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-10-25 Monterey Harbor Epifaunal 05 Def 36.6090 -121.8933
703591 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-06-10 Toll Plaza Def 37.8266 -122.3166
703610 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-12 Morro Bay Epifaunal 01 Def 35.3644 -120.8549
703615 Cohen et al. 2002 (So Cal Exotics RAS) 2000 2000-08-31 Long Beach Yacht Club Def 33.7534 -118.1138
703650 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-05 Morro Bay Boat Launch Ramp Def 35.3577 -120.8510
703652 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-28 Morro Bay Boat Launch Ramp Def 35.3577 -120.8510
703674 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-11 SE Side of Bay Def 38.3258 -123.0410
703680 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-03 SE Side of Bay Def 38.3258 -123.0410
703717 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-01 North Harbor/Boat Launch Def 36.8128 -121.7880
703720 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-21 North Harbor/Boat Launch Def 36.8128 -121.7880
703785 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-13 Hayward Landing Def 37.6447 -122.1543
703809 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-20 Fuel Depot Def 33.7440 -118.2358
703816 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-22 Fuel Depot Def 33.7440 -118.2358
703840 Maloney et al. 2007 2005 2005-06-28 Shelter Island Marina Def 32.7180 -117.2255
703871 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-27 SB Yacht Harbor Def 34.4045 -119.6919
703883 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-09-19 Tomales Bay Epifaunal 01 Def 38.1078 -122.8624
703894 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-30 Rodeo Marina Def 38.0394 -122.2717
703926 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-09-18 Humboldt Bay Epifaunal 03 Def 40.7233 -124.2234
703973 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-07 Railroad Bridge Def 37.4602 -121.9750
703999 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-20 Slip D-50 Def 33.7165 -118.2801
704022 Cohen and Carlton 1995 1993 San Pablo Bay Def 38.0600 -122.3900
704037 Cohen and Carlton 1995 1994 San Pablo Bay Def 38.0600 -122.3900
704103 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-02 Coast Guard Island Def 37.7812 -122.2457
704174 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-28 Chevron Pier Def 37.9228 -122.4105
704220 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-19 Pump-A-Head Dock Def 33.7026 -118.0542
704253 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-07-10 Channel Islands Harbor Epifaunal 04 Def 34.1642 -119.2260
704264 Markmann 1986 1977 Honker Bay, Suisun Bay Def 38.0715 -121.9287
704268 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-23 Brisbane Lagoon, San Francisco Bay Def 37.6862 -122.3906
704311 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-08 Parking Lot With Pallets Stacked Def 40.7977 -124.1860
704346 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-21 Super Mexico Pier Def 33.7708 -118.2113
704470 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-29 Martinez Marina Def 38.0276 -122.1371
704512 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-30 Napa Valley Marina Def 38.2198 -122.3119
704543 Introduced Species Study 2007 2007-12-11 Pin Rock Def 33.4275 -118.5071
704563 Cohen and Carlton 1995 1993 Petaluma River, San Pablo Bay Def 38.1092 -122.4858
704564 Cohen and Carlton 1995 1994 Petaluma River, San Pablo Bay Def 38.1092 -122.4858
704580 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-11 Bodega Bay Epifaunal 01 Def 38.3341 -123.0511
704590 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-01 Sierra Point Marina Def 37.6740 -122.3792
704591 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-09 Sierra Point Marina Def 37.6740 -122.3792
704650 Maloney et al. 2007 2005 2005-06-28 Navy - Carrier Base Def 32.7062 -117.1886
704661 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-08 Aquaculture Floats Def 40.8285 -124.1648
704662 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-29 Aquaculture Floats Def 40.8285 -124.1648
704682 Boyd et al. 2002 (Humboldt Bay Report) 2002 Mad River Slough Channel, St. 45 Def 40.8645 -124.1484
704702 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-05 Coast Guard Pier Def 35.3707 -120.8585
704703 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-28 Coast Guard Pier Def 35.3707 -120.8585
718928 Introduced Species Study 2007 2007-06-28 San Francisco Bay Plankton 07 Def 37.8880 -122.4240
718929 Introduced Species Study 2007 2007-06-28 San Francisco Bay Plankton 08 Def 37.9240 -122.4680
718930 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-02 San Francisco Bay Plankton 12 Def 38.0560 -122.3000
718931 Introduced Species Study 2007 2007-06-28 San Francisco Bay Plankton 12 Def 38.0560 -122.3000
758625 Barnard 1959b 1950 1950-03-19 Glorietta Bay, San Diego Def 32.6796 -117.1740
758626 Barnard 1958 1950 1950-08-17 Los Angeles Harbor, Slip 1 (Station A) Def 33.7623 -118.2661
758627 Barnard 1958 1951 1951-08-17 Los Angeles Harbor, Cerritos Channel, eastern side of Henry Ford Bridge (Station D) Def 33.7663 -118.2393
758628 Barnard 1958 1951 1951-08-17 Los Angeles Harbor, U.S. Navy Operations Base (Station F) Def 33.7522 -118.2387
758629 Barnard 1958 1951 1951-08-17 Long Beach Middle Harbor, at entrance to East Basin (Station G) Def 33.7521 -118.2153
758630 Barnard 1958 1951 1951-08-17 Reeves Field Seaplane Hangar Bay (Station H) Def 33.7460 -118.2537
758631 Barnard 1958 1951 1951-08-17 Fish Harbor Inner Breakwater (Station J) Def 33.7353 -118.2662
758632 Barnard 1958 1951 1951-08-17 Los Angeles Harbor, Pilot Service Pier (Station N) Def 33.7215 -118.2713
758633 Barnard 1958 1951 1951-08-17 Los Angeles Harbor, Berth 236, under Small Boat Fueling Wharf (Station P) Def 33.7370 -118.2746
758634 Barnard 1958 1951 1951-08-17 Los Angeles Harbor, Berth 147 (Station Q) Def 33.7577 -118.2740
758635 Barnard 1958 1951 1951-05-12 500 feet south of Boy Scouts of America Explorer Base (Station L) Def 33.7147 -118.2845
758636 Barnard 1958 1951 1951-12-21 Los Angeles Harbor, Northern end of Channel (Station R) Def 33.7245 -118.2807
758637 Barnard 1958 1951 1951-06-22 Pontoon Bridge between Terminal Island and Long Beach (Station E) Def 33.7646 -118.2211
758638 Reish and Winter 1954 1952 1952-07-29 Alamitos Bay, Station 5 (middle of channel at end of 67th Place) Def 33.7488 -118.1186
758639 Reish and Winter 1954 1952 1952-07-30 Los Cerritos Channel, Station 26 (at confluence of north and south forks) Def 33.7649 -118.1123
758640 Barnard 1959b 1951 1951-07-27 Lower Newport Bay, Station 33P-1 Def 33.6163 -117.9052
758641 Barnard 1959b 1951 1951-08-28 Lower Newport Bay, Station 10B Def 33.6047 -117.8852
758642 Barnard 1959b 1951 1951-08-28 Lower Newport Bay, Station 25B Def 33.6117 -117.9228
758643 Barnard 1959b 1951 1951-08-28 Lower Newport Bay, Station 27B Def 33.6202 -117.9332
758644 Barnard 1959b 1951 1951-08-28 Lower Newport Bay, Station 29B Def 33.6211 -117.9362
758645 Barnard 1959b 1952 1952-11-06 Lower Newport Bay, Station 9P Def 33.6041 -117.8975
758646 Barnard 1959b 1952 1952-11-06 Lower Newport Bay, Station 22P Def 33.6092 -117.9255
758647 Barnard 1959b 1952 1952-11-06 Lower Newport Bay, Station 24P Def 33.6149 -117.9269
758648 Barnard 1959b 1954 1954-01-25 Newport Back Bay, Station 40 Def 33.6203 -117.8937
758649 Barnard 1959b 1954 1954-01-25 Newport Back Bay, Station 45 Def 33.6270 -117.8902
758650 Barnard 1959b 1954 1954-01-25 Newport Back Bay, Station 50 Def 33.6293 -117.8859
758651 Barnard 1959b 1954 1954-01-25 Newport Back Bay, Station 52 Def 33.6312 -117.8867
758652 Barnard 1959b 1954 1954-01-25 Newport Back Bay, Station 55 Def 33.6333 -117.8891
758653 Jones 1961 1955 Point Richmond, Station A Def 37.9211 -122.3881
758654 Jones 1961 1955 Point Richmond, Station B Def 37.9114 -122.3889
758655 Jones 1961 1955 Point Richmond, Station C Def 37.9036 -122.3853
758656 Jones 1961 1955 Point Richmond, Station D Def 37.9058 -122.3850
758657 Mohr and Leveque 1948a; Mohr 1959 1959 Newport Beach [sic] Def 33.6092 -117.9067
758658 Reish and Barnard 1967 1960 1960-08-25 Morro Bay Def 35.3500 -120.8500
758659 Reish 1964c 1962 Channel Islands Harbor, southern jetty Def 34.1576 -119.2249
758660 Painter 1966b 1963 San Pablo Bay Def 38.0600 -122.3900
758661 Painter 1966b 1963 Carquinez Strait Def 38.0507 -122.1748
758662 Johnson and Juskevice 1965 1965 White Gulch, Tomales Bay Def 38.1939 -122.9458
758663 Chapman and Dorman 1975 1971 Bolinas Lagoon Def 37.9189 -122.6816
758664 Chapman and Dorman 1975 1971 1971-09-21 Carquinez Strait Def 38.0507 -122.1748
758665 Chapman and Dorman 1975 1971 1971-02-02 Sausalito, near Ondine's Restaurant Def 37.8488 -122.4793
758666 Chapman and Dorman 1975 1972 1972-03-15 100 meters N of Bay Farm Island Bridge (State Highway 61) Def 37.7505 -122.2354
758667 Chapman and Dorman 1975 1972 1972-02-12 near Redwood City (2 mi S of San Mateo Bridge and 1 mi W of west bay shore) Def 37.5646 -122.2296
758668 Standing et al. 1975 1975 Bodega Harbor Def 38.3262 -123.0495
758669 Reish et al. 1975 1975 Anaheim Bay Def 33.7333 -118.0894
758670 Stout 1971 1977 South Humboldt Bay Def 40.7200 -124.2400
758671 Carlton and Hodder 1995 1987 1987-09-22 Humboldt Bay General Location Def 40.7864 -124.1922
758672 Carlton and Hodder 1995 1987 1987-09-25 Humboldt Bay General Location Def 40.7864 -124.1922
758673 Cohen and Chapman 2005 2005 2005-11-27 Buoy # 12 Def 37.9134 -122.4452
758674 Cohen and Chapman 2005 2005 2005-11-27 Buoy # 2 (CB) Def 37.8904 -122.4176
758675 Cohen and Chapman 2005 2005 2005-11-27 Carquinez Buoy Def 38.0696 -122.2273
758676 Cohen and Chapman 2005 2005 2005-11-27 Dolphin # 11 Def 38.0530 -122.3307
758677 Cohen and Chapman 2005 2005 2005-11-27 San Mateo Bridge (pylon) Def 37.5835 -122.2515
767317 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-13 Coast Guard, Bodega Bay, California, USA Def 38.3126 -123.0512
767341 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-21 Lucas/Tides, Bodega Bay, California, USA Def 38.3284 -123.0445
767349 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-21 Porto Bodega, Bodega Bay, California, USA Def 38.3333 -123.0525
767358 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-22 Tomales-Marshall, Bodega Bay, California, USA Def 38.1514 -122.8888
767372 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-21 Tomales-Nick's Cove, Bodega Bay, California, USA Def 38.1980 -122.9222
767382 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-15 Tomales- Call Box 401, Bodega Bay, California, USA Def 38.1793 -122.9104
767416 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-07-19 SeaWorld Marina, Mission Bay, CA, California, USA Def 32.7676 -117.2314
767432 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-07-23 Marina Village, Mission Bay, CA, California, USA Def 32.7605 -117.2364
767449 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-07-29 Mission Bay Yacht Club, Mission Bay, CA, California, USA Def 32.7778 -117.2485
767468 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-04 Bahia Resort Marina, Mission Bay, CA, California, USA Def 32.7731 -117.2478
767487 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-07-31 Campland on the Bay, Mission Bay, CA, California, USA Def 32.7936 -117.2234
767500 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-01 Hyatt Resort Marina, Mission Bay, CA, California, USA Def 32.7634 -117.2397
767546 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-02 The Dana Marina, Mission Bay, CA, California, USA Def 32.7671 -117.2363
767560 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-05 Paradise Point Resort, Mission Bay, CA, California, USA Def 32.7730 -117.2406
767572 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-30 201 Main, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA Def 35.3564 -120.8474
767585 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-27 City Harbor, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA Def 35.3709 -120.8582
767594 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-09-05 Launch Ramp, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA Def 35.3577 -120.8508
767608 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-29 Moorings, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA Def 35.3619 -120.8548
767617 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-31 Morro Bay Marina, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA Def 35.3641 -120.8532
767629 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-28 Sealion Dock, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA Def 35.3658 -120.8555
767636 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-09-03 State Park Marina, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA Def 35.3459 -120.8423
767648 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-09-04 Tidelands, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA Def 35.3602 -120.8521
767659 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-07-16 Naval Base Point Loma, San Diego Bay, CA, California, USA Def 32.6886 -117.2343
767689 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-07-24 NAB ACU-1 Docks, San Diego Bay, CA, California, USA Def 32.6786 -117.1615
767726 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-07-22 Coronado Cays Marina, San Diego Bay, CA, California, USA Def 32.6257 -117.1309
767738 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-07-18 NAB Fiddlers Cove, San Diego Bay, CA, California, USA Def 32.6524 -117.1486
767779 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-07-28 Marriott Marquis and Marina, San Diego Bay, CA, California, USA Def 32.7059 -117.1655
767794 Ruiz et al., 2015 2011 2011-09-15 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Def 37.9117 -122.3494
767873 Ruiz et al., 2015 2011 2012-09-15 Berkeley Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Def 37.8758 -122.3181
767946 Ruiz et al., 2015 2011 2011-09-12 Paradise Cay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Def 37.9156 -122.4769
767972 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-24 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Def 37.9134 -122.3523
767994 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-23 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Def 37.8609 -122.4853
768013 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-28 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Def 37.8071 -122.4341
768026 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-27 Port of San Francisco Pier 31, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Def 37.8078 -122.4060
768071 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-30 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Def 37.6633 -122.3817
768095 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-29 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Def 37.5877 -122.3174
768117 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-09-04 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Def 37.5023 -122.2130
768141 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-09-06 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Def 37.9736 -122.4802
768158 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-09-05 Port of Oakland, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Def 37.7987 -122.3228
768205 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-31 Glen Cove Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Def 38.0663 -122.2130
768218 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-09-13 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Def 37.6962 -122.1919
768284 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-20 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Def 37.5877 -122.3163
768306 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-22 Jack London Square Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Def 37.7926 -122.2746
768344 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-13 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Def 37.6639 -122.3821
768388 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-19 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Def 37.9138 -122.3522
768410 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-12 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Def 37.8078 -122.4354
768425 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-21 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Def 37.6980 -122.1908
768439 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-16 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Def 37.8611 -122.4851
768607 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-25 Cabrillo Marina, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Def 33.7198 -118.2773
768654 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-01 Island Yacht Anchorage, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Def 33.7665 -118.2419
768665 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-01 Island Yacht Anchorage, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Def 33.7665 -118.2419
769012 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-27 Peter's Landing Marina, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Def 33.7256 -118.0758
769083 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-27 Peter's Landing Marina, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Def 33.7256 -118.0758
770269 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-03 Balboa Bay Resort, Newport Bay, California, USA Def 33.6147 -117.9138
770320 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-07 Balboa Yacht Basin A & B, Newport Bay, California, USA Def 33.6103 -117.8949
770335 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-07 Balboa Yacht Basin A & B, Newport Bay, California, USA Def 33.6103 -117.8949
770348 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-07 Balboa Yacht Basin A & B, Newport Bay, California, USA Def 33.6103 -117.8949
770382 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-07 Balboa Yacht Basin D & E, Newport Bay, California, USA Def 33.6102 -117.8967
770392 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-07 Balboa Yacht Basin D & E, Newport Bay, California, USA Def 33.6102 -117.8967
770405 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-07 Balboa Yacht Basin D & E, Newport Bay, California, USA Def 33.6102 -117.8967
770426 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-07 Balboa Yacht Basin D & E, Newport Bay, California, USA Def 33.6102 -117.8967
770433 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-06 Harbor Patrol Public Dock, Newport Bay, California, USA Def 33.6023 -117.8835
770537 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-04 Hill's Boat Service, Newport Bay, California, USA Def 33.6026 -117.8984
770549 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-04 Hill's Boat Service, Newport Bay, California, USA Def 33.6026 -117.8984
770559 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-04 Hill's Boat Service, Newport Bay, California, USA Def 33.6026 -117.8984
770590 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-04 Marina Park, Newport Bay, California, USA Def 33.6085 -117.9222
770688 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-03 Rhine Wharf Public Pier, Newport Bay, California, USA Def 33.6148 -117.9266
770904 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-26 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.5869 -122.3237
770931 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-25 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.5023 -122.2124
770984 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-25 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.5023 -122.2124
770995 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-25 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.5023 -122.2124
771009 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-25 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.5023 -122.2124
771017 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-25 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.5023 -122.2124
771027 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-19 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.9129 -122.3494
771041 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-19 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.9129 -122.3494
771081 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-19 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.9129 -122.3494
771230 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-18 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.9721 -122.4818
771279 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-29 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.8612 -122.4851
771287 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-29 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.8612 -122.4851
771310 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-29 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.8612 -122.4851
771335 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-29 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.8612 -122.4851
771396 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-22 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.7658 -122.2850
771451 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-12 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.8063 -122.4403
771514 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-12 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.8063 -122.4403
771879 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-17 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.8065 -122.4412
772137 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-26 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.5898 -122.3165
772152 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-26 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.5898 -122.3165
772206 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-20 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.6981 -122.1907
772228 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-20 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.6981 -122.1907
772246 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-20 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.6981 -122.1907
772260 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-20 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.6981 -122.1907
772388 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-28 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.9723 -122.4818
772397 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-28 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.9723 -122.4818
772423 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-28 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.9723 -122.4818
772435 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-28 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.9723 -122.4818
772447 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-28 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.9723 -122.4818
772487 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.8609 -122.4855
772522 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.8609 -122.4855
772535 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.8609 -122.4855
772551 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.8609 -122.4855
772609 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-27 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.6634 -122.3823
772656 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-25 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.5023 -122.2114
772683 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-25 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.5023 -122.2114
772701 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-25 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.5023 -122.2114
772715 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-25 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.5023 -122.2114
777524 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-17 EZ Landing RV Park and Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.7370 -124.2176
777525 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-17 EZ Landing RV Park and Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.7370 -124.2176
777526 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-17 EZ Landing RV Park and Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.7370 -124.2176
777527 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-17 EZ Landing RV Park and Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.7370 -124.2176
777529 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-17 EZ Landing RV Park and Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.7370 -124.2176
777533 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-18 Fairhaven Terminal, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.7884 -124.1946
777535 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-19 Samoa Pacific, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.7987 -124.1907
777537 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-19 Samoa Pacific, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.7987 -124.1907
777539 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-19 Samoa Pacific, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.7987 -124.1907
777541 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-12 Redwood Marine Terminal Berth 1, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.8173 -124.1804
777543 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-12 Redwood Marine Terminal Berth 1, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.8173 -124.1804
777546 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-13 Simpson Samoa, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.8036 -124.1891
777547 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-13 Simpson Samoa, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.8036 -124.1891
777549 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-13 Simpson Samoa, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.8036 -124.1891
777550 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-13 Simpson Samoa, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.8036 -124.1891
777552 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-10 Woodley Island Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.8078 -124.1610
777553 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-10 Woodley Island Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.8078 -124.1610
777554 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-10 Woodley Island Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.8078 -124.1610
777555 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-10 Woodley Island Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.8078 -124.1610
777556 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-10 Woodley Island Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.8078 -124.1610
777558 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-14 Schneider Dock, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.7775 -124.1865
777559 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-14 Schneider Dock, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.7775 -124.1865
777560 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-14 Schneider Dock, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.7775 -124.1865
777561 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-14 Schneider Dock, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.7775 -124.1865
777562 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-14 Schneider Dock, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.7775 -124.1865
777564 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-20 Humboldt Bay Forest Products, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.7326 -124.2191
777566 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-20 Humboldt Bay Forest Products, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.7326 -124.2191
777569 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-20 Humboldt Bay Forest Products, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.7326 -124.2191
777572 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-15 Eureka Public Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.8026 -124.1789
777573 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-15 Eureka Public Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.8026 -124.1789
777576 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-15 Eureka Public Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.8026 -124.1789
777578 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-15 Eureka Public Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Def 40.8026 -124.1789
777580 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-29 Waves-Tahiti A, Marina del Rey, California, USA Def 33.9729 -118.4511
777582 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-29 Waves-Tahiti A, Marina del Rey, California, USA Def 33.9729 -118.4511
777592 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-29 Waves-Tahiti B, Marina del Rey, California, USA Def 33.9745 -118.4502
777597 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-27 Esprit Marina, Marina del Rey, California, USA Def 33.9757 -118.4497
777601 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-27 Esprit Marina, Marina del Rey, California, USA Def 33.9757 -118.4497
777605 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-27 Esprit Marina, Marina del Rey, California, USA Def 33.9757 -118.4497
777607 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-27 Neptune Marina, Marina del Rey, California, USA Def 33.9758 -118.4565
777608 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-27 Neptune Marina, Marina del Rey, California, USA Def 33.9758 -118.4565
777633 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-30 Dolphin Marina, Marina del Rey, California, USA Def 33.9782 -118.4529
777638 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-01 Holiday Marina, Marina del Rey, California, USA Def 33.9797 -118.4549
777662 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-23 Naval Base fiberglass dock, Port Hueneme, California, USA Def 34.1477 -119.2109
777667 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-23 Naval Base fiberglass dock, Port Hueneme, California, USA Def 34.1477 -119.2109
777671 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-24 Naval Base alpha dock, Port Hueneme, California, USA Def 34.1528 -119.2102
777674 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-24 Naval Base alpha dock, Port Hueneme, California, USA Def 34.1528 -119.2102
777678 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-24 Naval Base alpha dock, Port Hueneme, California, USA Def 34.1528 -119.2102
777688 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-24 Naval Base sealion dock, Port Hueneme, California, USA Def 34.1466 -119.2126
777696 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-24 Naval Base sealion dock, Port Hueneme, California, USA Def 34.1466 -119.2126
777707 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-20 Port Hueneme Site 2, Port Hueneme, California, USA Def 34.1479 -119.2022
777721 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-22 Port Hueneme Site 3, Port Hueneme, California, USA Def 34.1482 -119.2018
777783 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-17 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.6639 -122.3758
777812 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-12 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.7662 -122.2656
777842 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-04 Glen Cove Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 38.0674 -122.2131
777857 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-15 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.9723 -122.4829
777916 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-14 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.9129 -122.3492
777920 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-14 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.9129 -122.3492
777993 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-08 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.9727 -122.4816
777994 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-08 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.9727 -122.4816
777996 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-08 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.9727 -122.4816
778018 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-07 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.8060 -122.4428
778026 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-22 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.5898 -122.3165
778027 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-22 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.5898 -122.3165
778046 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-12 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.9133 -122.3500
778049 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-12 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.9133 -122.3500
778055 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-12 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.9133 -122.3500
778057 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-12 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Def 37.9133 -122.3500
819111 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2012 San Leandro None 37.6580 -122.2217
819112 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2012 Redwood City None 37.5574 -122.1755
819113 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2012 Coyote Point None 37.5987 -122.3252
819114 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2012 None None
819115 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2012 Corte Madera None 37.9309 -122.4819
819116 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2012 Oyster Point None 37.6805 -122.3731
819117 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2012 Richardson Bay None 37.8788 -122.4759
819118 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2012 Emeryville None 37.8596 -122.3152
819119 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2012 Ballena Isle None 37.7643 -122.2978
819250 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2021) 2018 Queensway Bay None 33.7554 -118.1904
819251 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2021) 2018 Island Grissom None 33.7625 -118.1782
819252 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2021) 2018 Belmont Shore None 33.7426 -118.1212
819253 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2021) 2018 Seal Beach None 33.7360 -118.1107
819254 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2021) 2018 Cabrillo Way Marina None 33.7160 -118.2820
819255 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2021) 2018 San Pedro Marina None 33.7350 -118.2778
819256 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2021) 2018 Reservation Point None 33.7223 -118.2649
819257 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2021) 2018 Pier300 None 33.7321 -118.2679
819258 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2021) 2018 Island Yacht Anchorage None 33.7319 -118.2386
819259 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2021) 2018 Consolodated Slip None 33.7728 -118.2494
819380 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Fairhaven terminal None 40.7842 -124.1983
819381 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Eureka marina None 40.8026 -124.1810
819382 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Schneider dock None 40.7992 -124.1848
819383 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Redwood marine terminal None 40.8078 -124.1869
819384 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Woodley island None 40.8097 -124.1538
819385 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Sierra pacific None 40.8155 -124.1822
819386 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Redwood chip export None 40.7999 -124.1915
819387 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 US Coast guard None 40.7750 -124.2090
819388 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Forest products None 40.7304 -124.2193
819389 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Fields landing None 40.7378 -124.2218
819550 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2013 Marriott Marina None 32.7065 -117.1695
819551 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2013 Cabrillo Isle None 32.7249 -117.2063
819552 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2013 Imperial Beach None 32.6141 -117.1273
819553 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2013 Point Loma None 32.6912 -117.2390
819554 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2013 Chula Vista None 32.6407 -117.1251
819555 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2013 National City None 32.6750 -117.1348
819556 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2013 Fiddler's cove None 32.6483 -117.1402
819557 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2013 None None
819558 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2013 Coronado None 32.6843 -117.1606
819559 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2013 Coronado Cays None 32.6339 -117.1332
819670 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2013 Emeryville None 37.8602 -122.3000
819671 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2013 Corte Madera None 37.9364 -122.4833
819672 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2013 Richardson bay None 37.8737 -122.4667
819673 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2013 None None
819674 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2013 Ballena isle None 37.7578 -122.2500
819675 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2013 Oyster Point None 37.6788 -122.3667
819676 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2013 Redwood city None 37.5588 -122.2000
819677 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2013 Coyote Point None 37.5926 -122.2667
819678 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) 2013 San Leandro None 37.6602 -122.2167
819843 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2014 Oyster Point None 37.6937 -122.3689
819844 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2014 SF marina None 37.8075 -122.4347
819845 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2014 Hayward None 37.6485 -122.2184
819846 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2014 Ballena Isle None 37.7583 -122.2841
819847 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2014 San Mateo None 37.5938 -122.3036
819848 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2014 San Bruno None 37.6479 -122.3662
819849 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2014 Richmond None 37.9187 -122.3919
819850 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2014 Albany None 37.8877 -122.3247
819851 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2014 San Quentin None 37.9372 -122.4787
819852 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2014 Richardson bay None 37.8715 -122.4790
820053 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Oakland None 37.7056 -122.2473
820054 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Ballena Isle None 37.7588 -122.2834
820055 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 SF marina None 37.8074 -122.4345
820056 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Richardson bay None 37.8705 -122.4797
820057 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Smithsonian None 37.8981 -122.4623
820058 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Hunters Point None 37.7088 -122.3691
820059 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Oyster Point None 37.6747 -122.3753
820060 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Union City None 37.5865 -122.1743
820061 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Albany None 37.8879 -122.3245
820062 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 San Lorenzo None 37.6480 -122.2159
820263 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2016 SF marina None 37.8071 -122.4345
820264 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2016 Bay Farm None 37.7237 -122.2632
820265 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2016 Brisbane None 37.6560 -122.3697
820266 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2016 Mission Bay None 37.7553 -122.3790
820267 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2016 Albany None 37.8773 -122.3241
820268 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2016 El Cerrito None 37.8885 -122.3367
820269 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2016 Richardson bay None 37.8669 -122.4751
820270 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2016 Paradise Cay None 37.9044 -122.4684
820271 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2016 Oyster Point None 37.6688 -122.3741
820272 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2016 Ballena Isle None 37.7516 -122.2878
820473 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2023) 2022 Oracle Park None 37.7780 -122.3843
820474 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2023) 2022 Tiburon Ferry None 37.8724 -122.4540
820475 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2023) 2022 Point Richmond None 37.9082 -122.3941
820476 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2023) 2022 San Francisco Marina None 37.8076 -122.4332
820477 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2023) 2022 Hunter's Point None 37.7058 -122.3750
820478 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2023) 2022 Oyster Point None 37.6797 -122.3774
820479 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2023) 2022 Richardson Bay None 37.8624 -122.4636
820480 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2023) 2022 Albany None 37.8648 -122.3229
820481 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2023) 2022 Oakland None 37.6977 -122.2501
820482 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2023) 2022 Ballena Isle None 37.7637 -122.3002

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