Description
Some Bryopsis plants from Rudees Inlet, Virginia Beach, and Indian River Inlet, Delaware (Clade B, of Krellwitz et al. 2001) were found to be molecularly identical, or closely related to Bryopsis maxima from Japan. The Clade B plants had different growth patterns from the presumably native Clade A. (Krellwitz et al. 2001).
Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Genus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plantae | Chlorophycota | Chlorophyceae | Bryopsidales | Bryopsidaceae | Bryopsis |
Synonyms
Invasion History
Chesapeake Bay Status
| First Record | Population | Range | Introduction | Residency | Source Region | Native Region | Vectors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | Established | Unknown | Introduced | Regular Resident | Western Pacific | Western Pacific | Shipping(Ballast Water,Fouling Community) |
History of Spread
Bryopsis maxima is a bushy, fern-like green seaweed naitve to the Northwest Pacific. It is known from Japan and Korea (Guiry and Guiry 2019). Some Bryopsis plants from Rudees Inlet, Virginia Beach, and Indian River Inlet, Delaware (Clade B, of Krellwitz et al. 2001) were found to be molecularly identical, or closely related to Bryopsis maxima from Japan. The Clade B plants had different growth patterns from the presumably native Clade A. (Krellwitz et al. 2001). Established populations od B. maxima were found in Waterford CT, on Long Island Sound (Augyte and Yarish 2013), and in Queens NY, on the East River (Augyte and Yarish 2013). This seaweed apparently has an established population of in Oman, on the Arabian Sea (Wynne 1999, cited by Guiry and Guiry 2019). A single plant from the Netherlands was identified as B. maxima (Krellwitz et al. 2001). Although the photosynthesis, growth, and reproduction of this seaweed has been extensively studied in Japan (Guiry and Guiry 2019), its distribution outside Japan is poorly known.
Invasion Comments
None
Ecology
Environmental Tolerances
| For Survival | For Reproduction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | Maximum | Minimum | Maximum | |
| Temperature (ºC) | ||||
| Salinity (‰) | ||||
| Oxygen | None | |||
| pH | ||||
| Salinity Range | poly-eu |
Age and Growth
| Male | Female | |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum Adult Size (mm) | ||
| Typical Adult Size (mm) | ||
| Maximum Adult Size (mm) | 200.0 | 200.0 |
| Maximum Longevity (yrs) | ||
| Typical Longevity (yrs |
Reproduction
| Start | Peak | End | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reproductive Season | |||
| Typical Number of Young Per Reproductive Event |
|||
| Sexuality Mode(s) | |||
| Mode(s) of Asexual Reproduction |
|||
| Fertilization Type(s) | |||
| More than One Reproduction Event per Year |
|||
| Reproductive Startegy | |||
| Egg/Seed Form |
Impacts
Economic Impacts in Chesapeake Bay
The abundance and impacts of Bryopsis maxima in Chesapeake Bay are unknown.
Economic Impacts Outside of Chesapeake Bay
The abundance and impacts of Bryopsis maxima in its introduced range are unknown.
Ecological Impacts on Chesapeake Native Species
Impacts of Bryopsis maxima in the Chesapeake Bay region are unknown.
Ecological Impacts on Other Chesapeake Non-Native Species
Impacts of Bryopsis maxima in the Chesapeake Bay region are unknown.
References
Augyte, S.; Lewis, L. A.; Yarish, C. (2013) Non-native Bryopsis maxima (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) introduction to Long Island Sound, Phycologia 56S: 4-62004-2023 AlgaeBase. National University of Ireland Galway--http://algaebase.org
Humm, Harold J. (1979) The Marine Algae of Virginia, , Charlottesville. Pp.
Krellwitz, Erin C.; Kowallik, Klaus V.; Manos, Paul S. (2001) Molecular and morphological analyses of Bryopsis (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) from the western North Atlantic and Caribbean, Phycologia 40: 330-339
Mathieson, Arthur C.; Dawes, Clinton J. (2017) Seaweeds of the northwest Atlantic, None , Amherst MA. Pp. None