Description
Potentially Misidentified Species- Morone saxatilis is native; the hybrids are artificial and introduced; M. chrysops is a potential invader, introduced in some reservoirs in watershed.
Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Genus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Animalia | Chordata | Osteichthyes | Perciformes | Morone | Morone |
Synonyms
Invasion History
Chesapeake Bay Status
| First Record | Population | Range | Introduction | Residency | Source Region | Native Region | Vectors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1893 | Failed | Contracting | Introduced | Unconfirmed | North America | North America | Fisheries(Fisheries Intentional, Ballast Water) |
History of Spread
Morone mississippiensis (Yellow Bass) is native to the Mississippi River basins from WI and MN south to the Gulf; east to western IN and eastern TN, mostly in lowland areas (Page and Burr 1991). It was probably introduced in the Lake Michigan drainage (Becker 1983) in outlying parts of the Mississippi and Gulf basins, and to the Salt River AZ (Florida Caribbean Science Center 2001) but apparently not successfully to any Atlantic drainages.
'In Pennsylvania, it has been introduced by the State Fish Commmission into the Delaware, Perkiomen, and Susquehanna rivers' (Bean 1893; Fowler 1919), but no details of these introductions are available. Creveling (1881) in a Pennsylvania Fish Commision Report does not mention Yellow Bass, so they may have been introduced between 1881 and 1893. This species is not mentioned in checklists for the Susquehanna (Denoncourt and Cooper 1975; McKeown 1984) or the Delaware estuary (Horwitz 1986), so intoductions are presumed to have failed. Reasons for the failure are not clear since numbers of fish and the location of their release are unknown. Conditions in the Chesapeake drainage appear to be within the tolerance limits of this species.
History References - Bean 1893; Becker 1983; Creveling 1881; Denoncourt and Cooper 1975; Fowler 1919; Horwitz 1986; McKeown 1984
Invasion Comments
None
Ecology
Environmental Tolerances
| For Survival | For Reproduction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | Maximum | Minimum | Maximum | |
| Temperature (ºC) | 0.0 | 35.0 | 15.0 | 22.0 |
| Salinity (‰) | 0.0 | 7.5 | 0.0 | |
| Oxygen | ||||
| pH | ||||
| Salinity Range | fresh-oligo |
Age and Growth
| Male | Female | |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum Adult Size (mm) | ||
| Typical Adult Size (mm) | ||
| Maximum Adult Size (mm) | ||
| Maximum Longevity (yrs) | ||
| Typical Longevity (yrs |
Reproduction
| Start | Peak | End | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reproductive Season | |||
| Typical Number of Young Per Reproductive Event |
|||
| Sexuality Mode(s) | |||
| Mode(s) of Asexual Reproduction |
|||
| Fertilization Type(s) | |||
| More than One Reproduction Event per Year |
|||
| Reproductive Startegy | |||
| Egg/Seed Form |
Impacts
Economic Impacts in Chesapeake Bay
Morone mississippiensis (Yellow Bass) was introduced unsuccessfully to the Susquehanna (Bean 1893; Denoncourt et al. 1975b; Fowler 1919), and had no reported economic impacts.
References- Bean 1893; Denoncourt et al. 1975b; Fowler 1919
Economic Impacts Outside of Chesapeake Bay
Morone mississippiensis (Yellow Bass) is a popular sports fish within its range (Becker 1983). It has been introduced to drainages in 9 states (Fuller et al. 1999).
References- Becker 1983; Fuller et al. 1999
Ecological Impacts on Chesapeake Native Species
Morone mississippiensis (Yellow Bass) is apparently a failed introduction, and had no impacts on native Chesapeake biota.
Ecological Impacts on Other Chesapeake Non-Native Species
Morone mississippiensis (Yellow Bass) is apparently a failed introduction, and had no impacts on introduced Chesapeake biota.
References
Bean, Tarleton H. (1893) The fishes of Pennsylvania, In: (Eds.) . , Harrisburg PA. Pp.Becker, George C. (1983) Fishes of Wisconsin, , Madison. Pp.
Creveling, John P. (1881) Report of the State Commisioners of Fisheries., In: (Eds.) . , Harrisburg, PA. Pp.
Denoncourt, Robert F.; Robbins, Timothy W.; Hesser, Robert (1975) Recent introductions and reintroductions to the Pennsylvania fish fauna of the Susquehanna River drainage above Conowingo Dam, Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 49: 57-58
Denoncourt, Robert F.; Cooper, Edwin L. (1975) A review of the literature and checklist of fishes of the Susquehanna River drainage above Conowingo Dam, Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 49: 121-125
Fowler, Henry W. (1919) A list of the fishes of Pennsylvania, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32: 49-74
Fowler, Henry W. (1948) A list of the fishes of Pennsylvania., Bulletin of the Board of Fish Commisioners, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 7: 1-26
Horwitz, Richard J. (1986) Fishes of the Delaware estuary in Pennsylvania., In: Majundar, S.K., Brenner, F. J., Rhoads, A. F.(Eds.) Endangered and Threatened Species Programs in Pennsylvania.. , Philadelphia. Pp. 177-201
Jenkins, Robert E.; Burkhead, Noel M. (1993) Freshwater fishes of Virginia., , Bethesda, MD. Pp.
McKeown, Paul E. (1984) Additions to ichthyofauna of the Susquehanna River with a checklist of fishes of the Susquehanna River drainage below Conowingo Dam, Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 58: 187-192
Page, Lawrence M.; Burr, Brooks M. (1991) Freshwater Fishes., , Boston. Pp.
Renfro, William C. (1959) Survival and migration of fresh-water fishes in saltwater, Texas Journal of Science 11: 172-180