Description
Potentially Misidentified Species - All are introduced except R. verticillatus (Swamp Dock). Rumex patientia (Patience Dock) has not been reported from intertidal habitats in Chesapeake Bay.
Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Genus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plantae | Magnoliophyta | Magnoliopsida | Polygonales | Polygonaceae | Rumex |
Synonyms
Invasion History
Chesapeake Bay Status
| First Record | Population | Range | Introduction | Residency | Source Region | Native Region | Vectors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1901 | Established | Stable | Introduced | Boundary Resident | Europe | Eurasia | Shipping(Dry Ballast), Agriculture(Agricultural Weed) |
History of Spread
Rumex conglomeratus (Clustered Dock), a Eurasian native, is not among colonial herbarium specimens examined by Brown et al. (1987), and is not listed by Walter (1788) for the Carolinas or by Pursh (1814) for the Northeast U.S. However, Walter and Pursh recorded Rumex sanguineus, (still sporadic and rarely established), which is easily confused with this species (Morton 1989). Rumex conglomeratus was reported by Gray (1848): 'moist places, sparingly introduced', but was not listed in Chapman (1860) for the southeastern states. Small (1903) gives its range as VA to SC, as does Robinson and Fernald (1908). Fernald (1950) added 'local in OH, IN, MI, Pacific states'. Rumex conglomeratus is currently known from NJ to FL to MD and TX and in the west from British Columbia to AZ ( Natural Resources Conservation Service 1998). In Canada, this plant is limited to southern Ontario (1st record 1964) and British Columbia (1st record 1903). Its introduced range appears to be generally limited by -1 C January isotherm (Morton 1989).
Rumex conglomeratus is not listed in Washington D.C.-Baltimore floras (Brereton 1830; Aikin 1837; Ward 1881; Hitchcock and Standley 1919), but has been reported for VA by Small (1903). Erlanson (1925) found it in a brackish marsh on Queens Creek, near Williamsburg. It now occurs in most eastern VA counties, including 22 of ~30 tidewater counties. This plant is known from 'beach berms' along the Potomac in King George County VA (Simmons et al. 1995), and from 'waste places' and tidal marshes in VA (Wass 1972). However, it is apparently absent from MD, and is not listed in Shreve et al. (1910) or Brown and Brown (1984).
History References- Brown and Brown 1984; Chapman 1860; Erlanson 1924; Fernald 1950; Gray 1848; Harvill et al. 1992; Morton 1989; Natural Resources Conservation Service 1998; Pursh 1814; Robinson and Fernald 1908; Small 1903; Walter 1788; Wass 1972
Invasion Comments
Ecology
Environmental Tolerances
| For Survival | For Reproduction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | Maximum | Minimum | Maximum | |
| Temperature (ºC) | ||||
| Salinity (‰) | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
| Oxygen | ||||
| pH | ||||
| Salinity Range | fresh-meso |
Age and Growth
| Male | Female | |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum Adult Size (mm) | ||
| Typical Adult Size (mm) | ||
| Maximum Adult Size (mm) | ||
| Maximum Longevity (yrs) | ||
| Typical Longevity (yrs |
Reproduction
| Start | Peak | End | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reproductive Season | |||
| Typical Number of Young Per Reproductive Event |
|||
| Sexuality Mode(s) | |||
| Mode(s) of Asexual Reproduction |
|||
| Fertilization Type(s) | |||
| More than One Reproduction Event per Year |
|||
| Reproductive Startegy | |||
| Egg/Seed Form |
Impacts
Economic Impacts in Chesapeake Bay
Rumex conglomeratus (Clustered Dock) appears to be too uncommon in Chesapeake Bay tidal wetlands to have significant economic impacts (Wass 1972).
References- Wass 1972
Economic Impacts Outside of Chesapeake Bay
Rumex conglomeratus (Clustered Dock) is not abundant in North America (Gleason and Cronquist 1991; Morton 1989), and probably is not an important weed.
References- Gleason and Cronquist 1991; Morton 1989
Ecological Impacts on Chesapeake Native Species
Rumex conglomeratus (Clustered Dock) appears to be too uncommon in Chesapeake Bay tidal wetlands to have significant impacts on native biota.
Ecological Impacts on Other Chesapeake Non-Native Species
Rumex conglomeratus (Clustered Dock) appears to be too uncommon in Chesapeake Bay tidal wetlands to have significant impacts on other exotic biota.
References
Brown, Melvin L.; Brown, Russell G. (1984) Herbaceous Plants of Maryland, , College Park. Pp.Chapman, A. W. (1860) Flora of the southern United States, In: (Eds.) . , New York. Pp.
Erlanson, Eileen (1924) The flora of the Peninsula of Virginia, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 4: 115-182
Fernald, Merritt L. (1950) Gray's Manual of Botany, In: (Eds.) . , New York. Pp.
Gleason, Henry A. (1963) The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora of the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, In: (Eds.) . , New York. Pp.
Gleason, Henry A.; Cronquist, Arthur (1991) Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, In: (Eds.) . , Bronx, New York. Pp.
Gray, Asa (1848) A manual of botany of the northern United States., In: (Eds.) . , Boston. Pp.
Harvill, A. M.; Bradley, Ted R.; Stevens, Charles E.; Wieboldt, Thomas F.; Ware, Donna M. E.; Ogle, Douglas W.; Ramsey, Gwynn W.; Fleming, Gary P. (1992) Atlas of the Virginia Flora, , Burkeville, VA. Pp.
Kartesz, John T. (1994) A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland., In: (Eds.) . , Portland OR. Pp.
Morton, J. K. (1989) The clustered dock, Rumex conglomeratus (Polygonaceae), in Canada, The Canadian Field-Naturalist 103: 86-88
1997-2024 USDA PLANTS Database.. Onine databse
Pursh, Frederick (1814) Flora Americae Septentrionalis or, a Systematic Arrangement and Description of the Plants of North America, , Hirschburg. Pp.
Resource Management Inc. (1993) National list of plant species that occur in wetlands., , Minneapolis.. Pp.
Robinson, Benjamin Lincoln; Fernald, Merrit L. (1908) Gray's New Manual of Botany., , New York. Pp.
Simmons, Mark P.; Ware, Donna M.; Hayden, W. John (1995) The vascular flora of the Potomac River watershed of King George County, Virginia, Castanea 60: 179-209
Small, John K. (1903) Flora of the southeastern United States., , New York. Pp.
Walter, Thomas (1788) Flora Caroliniana, , London. Pp.
Wass, Melvin L. (1972) A checklist of the biota of lower Chesapeake Bay, Special Scientific Report, Virginia Institute of Marine Science 65: 1-290