Description
Potentially Misidentified Species - The ancyrocephalids listed have been reported from Micropterus spp. in the Chesapeake watershed (Deutsch 1977; Hargis 1952).
Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Genus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Animalia | Platyhelminthes | Trematoda | Monogenea | Ancyrocephalidae | Tetracleidus |
Synonyms
Invasion History
Chesapeake Bay Status
| First Record | Population | Range | Introduction | Residency | Source Region | Native Region | Vectors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1973 | Established | Unknown | Introduced | Unconfirmed | North America | North America | Fisheries(Fisheries Accidental) |
History of Spread
Tetracleidus banghami is a monogenean trematode which has been reported only from Micropterus dolomieu (Smallmouth Bass) and M. punctulatus (Spotted Bass). It was described from M. dolomieu in OH (Mueller 1936). Micropterus dolomieu is native to the upper Missisippi and Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Basins, while M. punctulatus ranges through most of the Mississippi and many Gulf of Mexico drainages (Jenkins and Burkhead 1993; Lee et al. 1980; Page and Burr 1991). Tetracleidus banghami has been reported only from Ontario, OH, and TN (Beverly-Burton 1986b; Hoffman 1967; Mueller 1936; Murith and Beverly-Burton 1984), but may range through much or all of the combined native range of the host species.
Micropterus dolomieu has been stocked and is now established through most of temperate North America, beginning in the 19th century. It has also been introduced to every continent except Antarctica. Micropterus punctulatus has also been introduced to many locations in North America and a few overseas (Jenkins and Burkhead 1993; Lee et al. 1980; Page and Burr 1991).
Micropterus dolomieu is definitely introduced to the whole Chesapeake Bay watershed, beginning with the Potomac River in 1854, and was established in the Bay tributaries on the western shore of the Bay by 1900 (Jenkins and Burkhead 1993). This species is less inclined to enter Coastal Plain and estuarine waters than M. salmoides, but does occur regularly in the uppermost parts of the Bay (Pavol and Davis 1982). (Also, see the species account for M. dolomieu). Micropterus punctulatus in is introduced, well-established and is spreading in the York and James Rivers (Jenkins and Burkhead 1993).
The only location in which T. banghami has been reported to occur outside its native range is in Chesapeake Bay drainage, the Susquehanna river in Wyoming and Luzerne Counties PA (Deutsch 1977). However, this is one of only two sites in the Chesapeake watershed where helminth parasites of freshwater fishes have been extensively studied. Since M. dolomieu (together with M. punctulatus in the York and James Rivers) is now found in much of the Bay drainage in nontidal and some tidal fresh and oligohaline waters (Jenkins and Burkhead 1993; Pavol and Davis 1982), This parasite may be widespread. Additional studies of fish parasites in the region would be needed to confirm the distribution and abundance of T. banghami..
History References - Beverly-Burton 1986b; Deutsch 1977; Hargis 1952; Hoffman 1967; Jenkins and Burkhead 1993; Lee et al. 1980; Mueller 1936; Murith and Beverly-Burton 1984; Deutsch 1977; Page and Burr 1991; Pavol and Davis 1982
Invasion Comments
Chesapeake Regions Invaded - Reported from the Susquehanna River in Wyoming and Luzerne Counties PA (Deutsch 1977), one of only 2 locations where helminth parasites of fishes have been been extensively studied. Based on the distribution of its known hosts M. dolomieu and M. punctulatus (Jenkins and Burkhead 1993; Pavol and Daivs 1993), Tetracleidus banghami is considered likely to occur in many tidal fresh and oligohaline tributaries on the western shore of Chesapeake Bay.
Invasion Status - Both of the known host species, M. salmoides and M. punctulatus, are definitely introduced to the Chesapeake watershed as a whole (1993).
Residency - We have not yet found any studies of trematodes of introduced fish species in the tidal waters of Chesapeake Bay. Inclusion of Tetracleidus banghami is based on its presence in the Chesapeake watershed in the Susquehanna River, central PA (Deutsch 1977) and the occurrence of the host, Micropterus dolomieu (Smallmouth Bass) as a regular resident in Chesapeake tributaries (Jenkins and Burkhead 1993).
Ecology
Environmental Tolerances
| For Survival | For Reproduction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | Maximum | Minimum | Maximum | |
| Temperature (ºC) | ||||
| Salinity (‰) | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
| Oxygen | hypoxic | |||
| pH | ||||
| Salinity Range | fresh-oligo |
Age and Growth
| Male | Female | |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum Adult Size (mm) | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Typical Adult Size (mm) | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| Maximum Adult Size (mm) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Maximum Longevity (yrs) | ||
| Typical Longevity (yrs |
Reproduction
| Start | Peak | End | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reproductive Season | |||
| Typical Number of Young Per Reproductive Event |
|||
| Sexuality Mode(s) | |||
| Mode(s) of Asexual Reproduction |
|||
| Fertilization Type(s) | |||
| More than One Reproduction Event per Year |
|||
| Reproductive Startegy | |||
| Egg/Seed Form |
Impacts
Economic Impacts in Chesapeake Bay
Specific impacts of Tetracleidus banghami are not known in the Chesapeake Bay region, but its most frequent host, M. dolomieu (Smallmouth Bass) is an economically important gamefish in tributaries of the Bay (Jenkins and Burkhead 1993; Pavol and Davis 1982).
References- Jenkins and Burkhead 1993; Pavol and Davis 1982
Economic Impacts Outside of Chesapeake Bay
Monogenean trematodes as a group, are considered potential pests of fishes in hatcheries, and may cause mortality of wild fish populations under naturally occurring conditions of crowding or stress (Hoffman 1967). However, specific impacts of Tetracleidus banghami on wild or cultured bass are not known.
References- Hoffman 1967
Ecological Impacts on Chesapeake Native Species
Since Tetracleidus banghami, like most other monogeneans, is highly host-specific (Beverly-Burton 1986b; Hoffman 1967), and its only known host is introduced to the region, it has had no direct impacts on native Chesapeake biota. Indirect impacts of T. banghami, through effects on populations of Micropterus dolomieu, can not be ruled out, since the impacts of gill trematode parasites on this species has not been studied.
References - Hoffman 1967; Murith and Beverly-Burton 1986
Ecological Impacts on Other Chesapeake Non-Native Species
Tetracleidus banghami is a gill parasite known so far only from Micropterus dolomieu (Smallmouth Bass) and M. punctulatus (Spotted Bass) (Hoffman 1967; Murith and Beverly-Burton 1984), which are both introducd to the Chesapeake Bay watershed. In the watershed, T. banghami was collected in the Susquehanna River PA, from M. dolomieu (Deutsch 1977).
Parasitism - We have not found information on specific effects of T. banghami on its hosts. Some monogeneans (Gyrodactylus spp., Dactylogyrus spp.) are known as serious pests of cultured fishes (Hoffman 1967). 'Other Monogenea probably are potential threats of fish culture but have not been adequately studied. In fish populations that have become crowded in nature, similar hardships have been known to occur' (Hoffman 1967).
Competition - Mizelle and Crane (1964) noted that although 7 monogenean gill parasites of Micropterus spp. were known, no more than 4 occurred at any one locality. They suggested competition among species as a possible mechanism limiting the diversity of gill trematodes on a given host in any one body of water. Rawson and Rogers (1972) suggested that competition, together with different temperature optima for different species could play a part in seasonal fluctuations in parasite abundance.
References - Deutsch 1977; Hargis 1953; Hoffman 1967; Mizelle and Crane 1964; Murith and Beverly-Burton 1984; Rawson and Rogers 1972
References
Barnes, Robert D. (1983) Invertebrate Zoology., , Philadelphia. Pp. 883Beverley-Burton, Mary (1986) Guide to the parasites of fishes of Canada Part I: Monogenea and Turbellaria, Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 74: 5-209
Carlander, Kenneth D. (1977) Handbook of Freshwater Fishery Biology. , In: (Eds.) Handbook of Freshwater Fishery Biology, Volume Two: Life History Data on Centrarchid Fishes of the U.S & Canada. , Ames. Pp. Ames
Cope, Edward Drinker (1869) On the distribution of fishes in the Allegheny region of southwestern Virginia, Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6: 207-249
Creveling, John P. (1881) Report of the State Commisioners of Fisheries., In: (Eds.) . , Harrisburg, PA. Pp.
Deutsch, William G. (1977) Fish parasites from the Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania, with new host records, Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 51: 122-124
Hardy, Jerry D., Jr. (1978) Development of fishes of the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Vol. 3. Aphredoderidae through Rachycentridae., In: (Eds.) . , Washington DC. Pp.
Hargis, William J., Jr. (1952) Monogenetic trematodes of Westhampton Lake fishes. II. A list of species and key to the genera encountered, The Virginia Journal of Science 3: 112-115
Hildebrand, Samuel F.; Schroeder, William C. (1928) Fishes of Chesapeake Bay, Unites States Bureau of Bisheries Bulletin 53: 1-388
Hoffman, Glenn L. (1967) Parasites of North American freshwater fishes, In: (Eds.) . , Berkeley. Pp.
Jenkins, Robert E.; Burkhead, Noel M. (1993) Freshwater fishes of Virginia., , Bethesda, MD. Pp.
Lee, David S.; Gilbert, Carter R.; Hocutt, Charles H.; Jenkins, Robert E.; McAllister, Don E.; Stauffer, Jay R. (1980) Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes, , Raleigh. Pp.
Mansueti, Romeo J. (1964) Eggs, larvae, and young of the white perch, Roccus americanus, with comments on its ecology in the Estuary, Chesapeake Science 5: 3-45
Mizelle, John D.; Crane, John W. (1964) Studies on monogenetic trematodes, XXIII. Gill parasites of Micropterus salmoides (Lacépède) from California ponds., Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 83: 343-348
Mizelle, John D.; Hughes, R. Chester (1938) North American fresh-water Tetraonchinae, American Midland Naturalist 20: 341-353
Mueller, Justus F. (1936) Studies on North American Gyrodactyloidea, Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 55: 55-72
Murith, D.; Beverley-Burton, Mary (1984) Tetracleidus banghami Mueller, 1936 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) from Micropterus dolomieu Lacepede (Pisces: Centrarchidae) in Ontario, Canada: Anatomy, systematic position, and emended familial and generic diagnoses, Canadian Journal of Zoology 62: 992-997
Page, Lawrence M.; Burr, Brooks M. (1991) Freshwater Fishes., , Boston. Pp.
Pavol, Kenneth W.; Davis, Robert W. (1982) An investigation of the smallmouth bass in the Susquehanna River below Conowingo Dam, F-29R , Annapolis MD. Pp.
Rawson, Rogers; Wilmer A. (1972) The seasonal abundance of the Ancyrocephalinae (Monogenea) on largemouth bass in the Walter F. George Reservoir, Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 39: 159-162
Wheeler, Terry A.; Beverley-Burton, Mary (1989) Systematics of Onchocleidus Mueller, 1936 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae): generic revision, Canadian Journal of Zoology 67: 136-157