Anomia cytaeum

Overview

Scientific Name: Anomia cytaeum

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Bivalvia

Order: Pectinida

Family: Anomiidae

Genus: Anomia

Species:

cytaeum (This species is considered as one type of A. chinensis where pseudo ribs were produced according to the undulation of substrata. (Okutani ed. 2000), but this is not reflected in WoRMS (http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=504261)) [Describe here as A. iricolor]

Native Distribution

Origin Realm:

Temperate Northern Pacific, Central Indo-Pacific

Native Region:

Origin Location:

Temperate Northern Pacific Isinomaki, Rikuzen, Japan (Nomura et al. 1936) STATUS NOT STATED [Wakayanagi district, Japan] Anomia cytaeum found in fossilized mollusc beds, in Yusima layer dated to the Lower Pliocene; In Saruhana Ostrea gigas bed over-abundant, but some Anomia cytaeum was collected (Hatai et al. 1940) STATUS NOT STATED [Anomia chinensis (here given as a synonym to A. cytaeum)] In detail, from east end of Hokkaido at the Pacific side and from Tsugaru Peninsula, Aomori prifecture, at the Japan Sea side to Rhykyu islands via south Kyushu. Other than Japan, East China Sea, Korea, Yellow Sea (Higo et al. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED Central Indo-Pacific [Anomia chinensis (here given as a synonym to A. cytaeum)] Tsugaru Peninsula, Aomori prifecture, at the Japan Sea side to Rhykyu islands via south Kyushu. Other than Japan, South China Sea, Hainan, Hong Kong, southern China (Higo et al. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED Uncertain realm [Anomia chinensis (here given as a synonym to A. cytaeum)] "China" (Higo et al. 1999) *Type locality [Anomia chinensis (here given as a synonym to A. cytaeum)] Southeast Asia. (Higo et al. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED RELATED: [Family Anomiidae] [Anomia chinensis {Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Anomia cytaeum]}; Anomia sol; Anomia solidula] Singapore (Tan et al. 2010) STATUS NOT STATED [Anomia chinensis] [China] Along Chinese coast (Zhongyan ed. 2004) STATUS NOT STATED [Anomia chinensis] Native range extends from Singapore to Korea and Japan (Tan and Woo 2010; Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2011; Museum of Comparative Zoology 2011, cited in NEMESIS 2015) STATED [Anomia chinensis] [Japan] Sourthern Hokkaido to the west Pacific via south Kyushu (Okutani ed. 2000, Zhongyan ed. 2004) STATUS NOT STATED

Geographic Range:

recorded geographic range: 118.099998474121 38.6999969482422, 121.400001525879 40.5 (Ocean Biogeographic Information System 2015) [Japan] 0º and nortwards up to 42ºN along the Pacific coast and up to 43ºN along the Japan Sea coast of Japan. (Inaba 1982)

General Diversity:

NF

Non-native Distribution

Invasion History:

See details

Non-native Region:

See details

Invasion Propens:

RELATED: Temperate Northern Atlantic [Anomia chinensis] Introduced to several locations in France with Pacific Oysters (Crasostrea gigas) from Japan, but has not become established. (NEMESIS 2015) Temperate Northern Pacific [A. chinensis] found in Samish Bay (Puget Sound), Washington in 1924, where (Crasostrea gigas) was planted (Hanna 1966; Carlton 1979, cited in NEMESIS 2015); found in Willapa Bay, Washington (Burch 1952, cited by Carlton 1979); and Tillamook Bay, Oregon (Carlton 1979); most likely failed to establish on the West coast (NEMESIS 2015) Uncertain realm [Anomia chinensis] Introduced to several locations in the US with Pacific Oysters (Crasostrea gigas) from Japan, but has not become established. (NEMESIS 2015)

Status Date Non-native:

NF

Vectors and Spread

Initial Vector:

see details

Second Vector:

see details

Vector Details:

RELATED: [Anomia chinensis] It is presumed that A. chinensis has been introduced to several locations in the US and France with Pacific Oysters (Crasostrea gigas) from Japan, but has not become established. No impacts are known from introduced locations. (NEMESIS 2015)

Spread Rate:

NF

Date First Observed in Japan:

Not applicable

Date First Observed on West coast North America:

RELATED: [Anomia chinensis] In the Northeast Pacific, A. chinensis was first found in Samish Bay, Skagit County (Puget Sound), Washington, in 1924, in areas where Pacific Oysters (Crasostrea gigas) had been planted (Hanna 1966; Carlton 1979). This shell was also found in Willapa Bay, Washington (Burch 1952, cited by Carlton 1979); and Tillamook Bay, Oregon (Carlton 1979).

Impacts

Impact in Japan:

NF

Global Impact:

RELATED: [A. chinensis] introduced along with Crassostrea gigas from Japan to the US and France; A. chinensis not established; No known impacts (NEMESIS 2015)

Tolerences

Native Temperature Regime:

Cold water, Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical

Native Temperature Range:

Cold water, Cool water, Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Non-native Temperature Regime:

Cool temperate, Mild temperate

Non-native Temperature Range:

Cool temperate, Mild temperate (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Native Salinity Regime:

Mesohaline, Polyhaline, Euhaline

Native Salinity Range:

Mesohaline, poyhaline, euhaline (M. Otani, pers. comm.) RELATED: [Anomia chinensis] A. chinensis cannot live with the salinity of 8psu, but can live with that of 16psu or more at Lake Nakaumi, Shimane Prefecture. (Seto et al. 1999)

Non-native Salinity Regime:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Temperature Regime Survival:

Cold water, Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical, See details

Temperature Range Survival:

Cold water, Cool water, Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.) RELATED: [A. chinensis] Cold temperate - Warm temperate (NEMESIS 2015) [Anomia spp.] 0.184 - 23.955ºC (OBIS 2016b)

Temperature Regime Reproduction:

Cold water, Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical

Temperature Range Reproduction:

Cold water, Cool water, Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Salinity Regime Survival:

Mesohaline, Polyhaline, Euhaline, See details

Salinity Range Survival:

RELATED: [A. chinensis] Polyhaline - Euhaline (NEMESIS 2015) [Anomia spp.] 31.460 - 38.550 PPS (OBIS 2016b)

Salintiy Regime Reproduction:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Salinity Range Reproduction:

RELATED: [Anomia chinensis] A. chinensis cannot live with the salinity of 8psu, but can live with that of 16psu or more at Lake Nakaumi, Shimane Prefecture. (Seto et al. 1999)

Depth Regime:

Lower intertidal, shallow subtidal, Deep subtidal, see details

Depth Range:

10 - 19 m (Ocean Biogeographic Information System 2015) Less than 20 m (Okutani ed. 2000) Lower intertidal to shallow subtidal (Inaba 1982) Intertidal to 80 m (Higo et al. 1999) [China] Intertidal and subtidal down to 20 m (Zhongyan ed. 2004) RELATED: [A. chinensis] subtidal; low intertidal (NEMESIS 2015)

Non-native Salinity Range:

Native Abundance:

Abundant

Reproduction

Fertilization Mode:

external

Reproduction Mode:

Gonochoristic/ dioecious

Spawning Type:

None

Development Mode:

Planktotrophic planktonic larva (feeding)

Asexual Reproduction:

Does not reproduce asexually

Reproduction Details:

Spawning season is from July to early September. Shell length of early stage of D-larvae is 87μm and it attains 140μm at umbo-larvae. (Miyazaki 1935) Gonochoristic/ dioecious; Does not reproduce asexually (M. Otani, pers. comm.) RELATED: [A. chinensis] larvae planktotrophic (Yamaguchi 1998, cited in NEMESIS 2015) [Family Anomiidae] conic-headed sperm; acrosome with periacrosome material, four mitochondria (Drozdov, 2009) [Bivalvia] without copulatory organs, only suited for external insemination; release gametes into water, where fertilization occurs. gamete structure designed for necessity of water movement: spermatozoa have long tail; well developed mitochondria; acrosomes designed to destroy egg membranes (Drozdov, 2009)

Adult Mobility:

Sessile, see details

Adult Mobility Details:

RELATED: [Anomia sp.] Jingle shells attach with one large byssus that protrudes through the bottom shell. (Eltzholtz et al. 2009) [Anomia chinensis] firmly attached; after settling postlarvae are semi-mobile; up to a size of 10 mm can detach and reattach. As they develop further they slowly lose the ability to change position/ orientation (Yamaguchi 1998, cited in NEMESIS 2015) After settlement, postlarvae are mobile for a time, and then attach to a surface by a calcified byssus. Up to a size of 10 mm, they can detach from a surface, and reattach. As they develop further, their ability to change their position or orientation decreases. (Yamaguchi 1998)

Maturity Size:

NF

Maturity Age:

NF

Reproduction Lifespan:

Spawning season is from July to early September. (Miyazaki 1935)

Longevity:

NF

Broods per Year:

NF

Reproduction Cues:

RELATED: [Bivalvia] Among several reproduction cues including wave shock, the change of salinity, lunar age and tidal rhythm, the change of the water temperature is the most important factor. (Orton 1920 and etc., cited in Sumikawa 1994)

Reproduction Time:

Spawning season is from July to early September. (Miyazaki 1935)

Fecundity:

NF

Egg Size:

NF

Egg Duration:

NF

Early Life Growth Rate:

NF

Adult Growth Rate:

NF

Population Growth Rate:

NF

Population Variablity:

RELATED: [Family Anomiidae, Placuna sp.] [Malololailai, Fiji Islands] effect of hurricanes on population; percent abundance in 1984: 0.4%; 1985: 0.16% (Kobluk et al. 1993)

Habitat

Ecosystem:

Rocky intertidal, Rocky subtidal, Oyster reef, Fouling

Habitat Type:

Epibenthic, Epizoic

Substrate:

Gravel, Rock, Biogenic, Artificial substrate

Exposure:

Semi-exposed, Protected

Habitat Expansion:

NF

Habitat Details:

[Isinomaki, Rikuzen, Japan] empty shells of A. cytaeum found in sandy beach of Nagahama (Nomura et al. 1936) [Japan] Attached to rock, gravel, shell, and oyster or pearl raft by byssus. (Okada 1965, Inaba 1982, and Higo et al. 1999) Semi-exposed, Protected (M. Otani, pers. comm.) RELATED: [Anomia sp.] Jingle shells attach with one large mineralized byssus that protrudes through the bottom shell. (Eltzholtz et al. 2009) [A. chinensis] adults firmly attached to hard substrate with calcified byssus; rocks, shells, wood, manmade structure; after settling postlarvae are semi-mobile; up to a size of 10 mm can detach and reattach. As they develop further they slowly lose the ability to change position/ orientation (Yamaguchi 1998, cited in NEMESIS 2015); General habitat is rocky, oyster reef, marinas and docks; Vertical habitat: epibenthic; Tidal range: subtidal, low intertidal (NEMESIS 2015) [Family Anomiidae] [Pododesmus (Monia) cepio] found intertidally/subtidally; substrate: rock, concrete, shell, wood, plastic; byssus extends through large hole in right valve (Kozloff 1996)

Trophic Level:

Suspension feeder

Trophic Details:

RELATED: [A. chinensis] suspension feeders (Yamaguchi 1998, cited in NEMESIS 2015)

Forage Mode:

Non-selective; See details

Forage Details:

Non-selective (M. Otani, pers. comm.) RELATED: [A. chinensis] eats phytoplankton; detritus (NEMESIS 2015)

Natural Control:

RELATED: [Family Anomiidae, Placuna sp.] [Malololailai, Fiji Islands] hurricanes can decrease abundance of population; percent abundance in 1984: 0.4%; after hurricanes in 1985: 0.16% (Kobluk et al. 1993)

Associated Species:

RELATED: [A. chinensis] found with imported (Crassostrea gigas) in Brittany, France 1974; no established populations (Goulletquer et al. 2002, cited in NEMESIS 2015); [A. chinensis] found in Samish Bay (Puget Sound), Washington in 1924, where (Crasostrea gigas) was planted (Hanna 1966; Carlton 1979, cited in NEMESIS 2015)

References and Notes

References:

Association for the Research of Littoral Organisms in Osaka Bay (2012) Rocky shore macrobiota of southeastern Osaka Bay. Results of surveys carried out in the years 2006-2010. Shizenshi-Kenkyu 211-224. (in Japanese with English abstract) Carlton, JT (1979) History, biogeography, and ecology of the introduced marine and estuarine invertebrates of the Pacific Coast of North America, Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Davis: 1-904 Drozdov AL, Sharina SN, Tyurin SA (2009) Sperm ultrastructure in representatives of six bivalve families from Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan. Russian Journal of Marine Biology. 35(3): 236-241 Eltzholtz JR, Birkedal H (2009) Architecture of the Biomineralized Byssus of the Saddle Oyster (Anomia sp.) The Journal of Adhesion. 85(9), 590-600. Global Invasive Species Database. http://www.issg.org/database/species/search.asp?sts=tss&st=tss&fr=1&x=24&y=14&li=7&tn=anomia+cytaeum&lang=EN Access Date: 28-Dec-15 Hanna GD (1966) Introduced mollusks of Western North America, Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 48: Hatai K, Yamamoto S (1940) Characteristic Features of the Yusima Molluscan Fauna. Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Tohoku Imperial University, Sendai. J-stage. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/prpsj1935/1940/19/1940_19_72/_pdf. Access Date: 23-Dec-15 Higo S, Callomon P, Goto Y (1999) Catalogue and bibliography of the marine shell-bearing mollusca of Japan. Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Polyplachophora, Scaphopoda. Shell Scientific Publications, Osaka: 748pp. Horikoshi A & Okamoto K (2007) Present structure of sessile organisms communities of lighted buoys in Tokyo Bay. Sessile Organisms 24: 21-32. (in Japanese with English abstract) Inaba A (1982) Molluscan fauna of the Inland Sea, Japan. Hiroshima shell club, Hiroshima: 181pp. (in Japanese) Kobluk DR, Lysenko MA (1993) Hurricane Effects on Shallow-Water Cryptic Reef Molluscs, Fiji Islands. Journal of Paleontology 67(5): 798-816 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.proxy.library.oregonstate.edu/stable/pdf/1306043.pdf?acceptTC=true Kozloff EN (1996) Marine invertebrates of the Pacific Northwest. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press Miyazaki I (1935) On the development of some bivalves in Japanese waters. Identification for floating larvae. Journal of the College of the Fisheries 31: 1-50. (in Japanese) NEMESIS (2015) Fofonoff PW et al. (2003) National Exotic Marine and Estuarine Species Information System. http://invasions.si.edu/nemesis/browseDB/SpeciesSummary.jsp?TSN=79802. Access Date: 31-Aug-2015 and 24-Dec-2015. Nomura S, Hatai K (1936) The Geologic Significance of the Recent Mollusca from the Vicinity of Isinomaki, Rikuzen. Transactions of the Palaeontological Society of Japan https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/prpsj1935/1936/5/1936_5_109/_pdf Ocean Biogeographic Information System. Anomia cytaeum. http://iobis.org/mapper/. Acces Date: 24-Dec-15 OBIS b. Ocean Biogeographic Information System. http://iobis.org/mapper/ Access date: 23-09-2016 *Note: for genus level data Okada Y (1965) New illustrated encyclopedia of the founa of Japan. II. Hokuryukan Press Inc., Tokyo: 803pp. Okutani T (ed) (2000) Marine mollusks in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo: 1173pp. (in Japanese) Seto K et al. (1999) Capacity of carbonate shell anirnals for distribution in Lake Nakaumi, Shimane Prefecture, Southwest Japan. LAGUNA 6: 247-260. (in Japanese with English abstract) Sumikawa S (1994) Reproduction. In: Handbook of Malacology Vol. 1. Habe T, Okutani T, Nishiwaki S (eds.), Scientist-sha Inc., Tokyo: 159-176. (in Japanese) Tan SK, Woo HP (2010) A preliminary checklist of the molluscs of Singapore. Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research.1-82. https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/nus/pdf/PUBLICATION/LKCNH%20Museum%20Books/LKCNHM%20Checklists/preliminary_che cklist_molluscs_singapore.pdf Yamaguchi K (1998) Cementation vs mobility: development of a cemented byssus and flexible mobility in Anomia chinensis. Marine Biology 132: 651-661. Zhongyan Q (ed) (2004) Seashells of China. China Ocean Press, Beijing: 418pp.

Literature:

Limited information; expert opinion based on observational information or circumstantial evidence

Notes:

NA