Arabella iricolor

Overview

Scientific Name: Arabella iricolor

Phylum: Annelida

Class: Polychaeta

Order: Eunicida

Family: Oenonidae

Genus: Arabella

Species:

iricolor-complex [Describe here as A. iricolor] [Describe here as A. iricolor]

Native Distribution

Origin Realm:

Temperate N. Pacific, Central Indo-Pacific, Western Indo-Pacific, Eastern Indo-Pacific, Temperate N. Atlantic, Tropical Atlantic, Tropical Eastern Pacific

Native Region:

Origin Location:

Temperate Northern Pacific Western Canada to western Mexico. (Hartman 1968) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Pacific coast of Hokkaido, Honshu and Kyushu. (Imajima 1970) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Coast of Japan Sea in Honshu and Hokkaido. (Imajima 1970) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Yataroshima and Miyagasaki, Onagawa Bay, northeastern Honshu. (Okuda 1939) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Ktsura-jima, Matsushima Bay, Miyagi Prefecture, northeastern Honshu. (Okuda & Yamada 1954) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Chojagasaki, Hayama, Miura Peniusula. (Imajima 1968) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Western part of Sagami Bay. (Imajima 1970) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Suzaki, near Shimoda Harbor, Izu Peninsula. (Okuda 1938) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Kitahama, Wakayama Prefecture, Kii Peninsula. (Uchida 1975) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Near the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, Wakayama Prefecture. (Iwasaki 1997) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Seto Inland Sea: Jogasaki, Osaka Bay; Mukaishima, Bingo-nada; Obatake, Iyo-nada; Suo, Murozumi Bay. (Inaba 1988) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Tsushima Strait, west part of the Japan Sea. (Imajima 1970) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Itoman and Kakihana, Ryukyu Island. (Okuda 1940) STATUS NOT STATED The Peter the Great Bay. (Yakovlevich 2013) STATUS NOT STATED Yellow Sea, northwest coast of Japan Sea, Okhotsk Sea, Indo-Pacific areas. (Imajima 1970) STATUS NOT STATED Eastern Indo-Pacific Nearshore reef flats in Maunalua Bay on the south shore of Oahu, Hawaii. (Magalhaes & Bailey-Brock 2014) STATUS NOT STATED Marshall Islands. (Hartman 1954) STATUS NOT STATED Western Indo-Pacific Sandspit, Manora, and Clifton in Pakistan. (Mustaquim 2000) STATUS NOT STATED Madagascar. (Days 1967) STATUS NOT STATED Temperate Northern Atlantic From the Eastern Mediterranean and the Red Sea and in the ‘Material examined’ section also from the Great Bitter Lake/Suez Canal. (Wehe & Fiege 2002) STATUS NOT STATED Along the coast of Alexandria, Egypt (eastern Mediterranean). (Dorgham et al. 2014) STATUS NOT STATED Cooks Bay, Maine, US. (Trott 2004) STATUS NOT STATED Tropical Atlantic Off Florida and Alabama, Gulf of Mexico. (Uebelacker 1984) STATUS NOT STATED

Geographic Range:

Up to 44°N at Japan Sea side. (Inaba 1988) Near the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, Wakayama Prefecture: 33°42'N, 135°21'E. (Iwasaki 1997)

General Diversity:

NF

Non-native Distribution

Invasion History:

No records of invasion (Global Invasive Species Database 2016)

Non-native Region:

Not applicable

Invasion Propens:

Not applicable

Status Date Non-native:

Not applicable

Vectors and Spread

Initial Vector:

Not applicable

Second Vector:

Not applicable

Vector Details:

Not applicable

Spread Rate:

Not applicable

Date First Observed in Japan:

Not applicable

Date First Observed on West coast North America:

Not applicable

Impacts

Impact in Japan:

Not applicable

Global Impact:

Not applicable

Tolerences

Native Temperature Regime:

Cold water, Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical

Native Temperature Range:

Iyo-nada, Seto Inland Sea: 25-26ºC in summer and approximately 10ºC in winter. (from the graph in Inaba 1988) Along the coast of Alexandria, Egypt: varied from 17ºC to 30 at each sampling station in 2005. (Dorgham et al. 2014)

Non-native Temperature Regime:

Not applicable

Non-native Temperature Range:

Not applicable

Native Salinity Regime:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Native Salinity Range:

Iyo-nada, Seto Inland Sea: approximately 33psu throughout the year. (from the graph in Inaba 1988) Along the coast of Alexandria, Egypt: varied from 20.8psu to 39.3psu at each sampling station in 2005. (Dorgham et al. 2014)

Non-native Salinity Regime:

Not applicable

Temperature Regime Survival:

Cold water, Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical

Temperature Range Survival:

[Arabella iricolor] 6.716-27.332°C (OBIS, 2016)

Temperature Regime Reproduction:

Cold water, Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical

Temperature Range Reproduction:

NF

Salinity Regime Survival:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Salinity Range Survival:

[Arabella iricolor] 31.893 - 38.605 PPS (OBIS, 2016)

Salintiy Regime Reproduction:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Salinity Range Reproduction:

NF

Depth Regime:

Lower intertidal, Shallow subtidal, Deep subtidal

Depth Range:

Western part of Sagami Bay: Collected at the intertidal zone at the. (Imajima 1970) Tsushima Strait: Found from the depth of 64-125 m. (Imajima 1970) Seto Inland Sea: Lower intertidal to 20-30m deep. (Inaba 1988) Gulf of Mexico: Intertidal to 85m deep. (Ubelacker 1984) Western Canada to western Mxico: Intertidal and shelf depths. (Hartman 1968)

Non-native Salinity Range:

Native Abundance:

Rare, Common

Reproduction

Fertilization Mode:

external

Reproduction Mode:

Gonochoristic/ dioecious

Spawning Type:

Broadcast

Development Mode:

Planktotrophic planktonic larva (feeding)

Asexual Reproduction:

NF

Reproduction Details:

[A. iricolor] Spawns throughout summer (Richards 1967) [A. iricolor] Many juveniles present in algal turf in August to December. Adults with gametes present from May to August (Iwasaki 1997) RELATED: [Class Polychaeta] Asexual reproduction is linked to regeneration capacity, which is restricted in polychaetes (Ansell et al. 1997)

Adult Mobility:

Actively mobile (Mobility is a normal part of at least part of the adult life cycle - at least in spurts. Not dependent upon distance traveled)

Adult Mobility Details:

A. i. is a free-ranging polychaetes. (Iwasaki 1997)

Maturity Size:

NF

Maturity Age:

Judging from the longevity in Iwasaki (1977), maturity age is presumed less than one year. (Otani pers. comm.)

Reproduction Lifespan:

Reprocudtive periods chiefly from May to August near the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, Wakayama Prefecture. (Iwasaki 1997)

Longevity:

Longevity is one year near the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, Wakayama Prefecture. (Iwasaki 1997)

Broods per Year:

NF

Reproduction Cues:

NF

Reproduction Time:

Reprocudtive periods chiefly from May to August near the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Wakayama Prefecture. (Iwasaki 1997)

Fecundity:

NF

Egg Size:

NF

Egg Duration:

NF

Early Life Growth Rate:

NF

Adult Growth Rate:

NF

Population Growth Rate:

NF

Population Variablity:

NF

Habitat

Ecosystem:

Coastal shore, Sediment subtidal, SAV, Rocky intertidal, Rocky subtidal, Oyster reef, Mussel reef, Coralline algae Reef Habitat, Macroalgal bed

Habitat Type:

Epibenthic, Epiphytic, Epizoic, Under rock

Substrate:

Mud, Sand, Gravel, Rock, Other

Exposure:

Exposed, Semi-exposed, Protected

Habitat Expansion:

NF

Habitat Details:

Found at the sandy muddy bottom. (Imajima 1968, Inaba 1988) Juveniles seem to settle exclusively into algal turf and migrate with growth into the Hormomya mutabilis bed and even the Septifer virgatus bed near the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, Wakayama Prefecture. (Iwasaki 1997) Found at shell, oysters, seagrasses, algae, sand, mud, gravel, under rocks, among bryozoans and ascidian. (Uebelacker 1984) Collected from dead coralline algae next to a surge channel at the landward edge of a Lithothamnion ridge bordering a narrow seaward reef, from living Porites and reef-flat rock, about one-third of way from seaward edge of the reef to shore, and beach rock and the rock of the reef flat at Muti Island, Marshall Islands. (Hartman 1954) Collected on lagoon side of Rigili, blocks on reef flat, close to beach rock belt at Enwetok Island, Marshall Islands. (Hartman 1954) Found associating with Avrainvillea amadelpha and at bare sandy bottom. (Magalhaes & Bailey-Brock 2014)

Trophic Level:

Predator

Trophic Details:

A. i. were frequently found consuming small mussels and barnacles. (Iwasaki 1997)

Forage Mode:

Generalist

Forage Details:

A. i. were frequently found consuming small mussels and barnacles. (Iwasaki 1997)

Natural Control:

NF

Associated Species:

NF

References and Notes

References:

Ansell AD, Gibson RN & Barnes M (1997) Oceanography and Marine Biology, Volume 35. CRC Press. London, UK. Day JH (1967) A monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. Part I. Errantia. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London: 458pp. Dorgham MM, Hamdy R, El-Rashidy HH, Atta MM, Musco L (2014) Distribution patterns of shallow water polychaetes (Annelida) along the coast of Alexandria, Egypt (eastern Mediterranean). Mediterranean Marine Science 15: 635-649. Global Invasive Species Database. http://www.issg.org/database/species/search.asp?sts=sss&st=sss&fr=1&x=35&y=15&sn=Trypanosyllis+zebra&rn=&hci=-1&ei=-1&lang=EN Access date: 12-05-2016 Hartman O (1954) Marine annelids from the northern Marshall Islands. Geological Survey Professonal Paper 260-Q: 619-644. http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0260q/report.pdf Hartman O (1968) Atlas of the Errantiate polychaetous annelids from California. Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California: 828pp. Imajima M (1968) Polychaetous annelids from Hayama, Miura Peninsula. Science Report of the Yokosuka City Museum 14: 20-41. (in Japanese) Imajima M (1970) Errant polychaetous annelids collected from the areas around Tsushima Islands. Memoiors of the National Science Museum 3: 113-122. Imajima M & Gamo S (1970) Polychaetous annelids from the intertidal zone of Manazuru, Kanagawa Prefecture. Science Reports of the Yokohama National University, Section II 16: 1-18. http://kamome.lib.ynu.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10131/2954/1/KJ00004478758.pdf Inaba A (1988) Fauna and flora of the Seto Inland Sea. Second edition II. Mukaishima Marine Biological Station of Hiroshima University : 1-475. (in Japanese) Iwasaki K (1997) Vertical distribution and life cycle of two free-ranging polychaetes on a rocky intertidal shore. Benthos Research 52(1): 47-60. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/benthos1996/52/1/52_1_47/_pdf Magalhaes WF & Bailey-Brock JH (2014) Polychaete assemblages associated with the invasive green alga Avrainvillea amadelpha and surrounding bare sediment patches in Hawaii. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 71: 161–168. https://museumvictoria.com.au/pages/58014/161-168_mmv71_magalhaes_2pz_web.pdf Mustaquim J (2000) Six new records of intertidal polychaetes from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences 9: 97-106. http://aquaticcommons.org/19275/1/PJMS9_097.pdf Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) (2016). Retrieved from http://www.iobis.org/mapper/ Okuda S (1938) Polychaetous annelids from the vicinity of the Mitsui Institute of Marine Biology. Japanese Journal of Zoology 8: 75-105. Okuda S (1939) Annelida Polychaeta in Onagawa Bay and its vicinity II. Polychaeta Errantia with some addenda of Polychaeta Sedentaria. Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, Ser. 4, Biology 14: 219-244. Okuda S (1940) Polychaetous annelids of the Ryukyu Islands. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan 10: 1-24. Okuda S & Yamada M (1954) Polychaetous annelids from Matsushima Bay. Journal of the Faculty Science of the Hokkaido University, Ser. VI, Zoology 12: 175-199. Richards TL (1967) Reproduction and development of the polychaete Stauronereis rudolphi, including a summary of development in the superfamily Eunicea. Marine Biology 1(2): 124-133. link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00386517 Trott T (2004) Cobscook Bay Inventory: a historical checklist of marine invertebrates spanning 162 years. Northeastern Naturalist 11(Special Issue 2): 261–324. Uchida H (1975) Polychaetous annelids from Kishu I. Nanki Seibutsu 17: 42-45. (in Japanese) Uebelacker JM (1984) Family Arabellidae. In: Taxonomic guide to the polychaetes of the northern Gulf of Mxico. Vol. VI. Vittor BA (ed.). Barry A. Vittor & Associates, Inc.: 1-29. Wehe T & Fiege D (2002) Annotated checklist of the polychaete species of the seas surrounding the Arabian Peninsula: Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Gulf. Fauna of Arabia 19: 7–238. Yakovlevich LY (2013) Macrozoobenthos soft soils of the Far Eastern Marine Biosphere Reserve. Journal of Environment and Ecology 4: 40-51.

Literature:

Moderate level of information; data from comparable regions or older data (more than 10 years) from the area of interest

Notes:

NA