Cibicidoides lobatulus

Overview

Scientific Name: Cibicidoides lobatulus

Phylum: Foraminifera

Class: Globothalamea

Order: Rotallida

Family: Cibicididae

Genus: Cibicidoides *Accepted as Lobatula lobatula (Gross 2015)

Species:

lobatulus [Describe here as A. iricolor]

Native Distribution

Origin Realm:

Temperate Northern Atlantic, Tropical Atlantic, Temperate Northern Pacific, Central Indo-Pacific, Eastern Indo-Pacific, Western Indo-Pacific, Temperate Australasia, Temperate South America, Southern Ocean, Arctic

Native Region:

Origin Location:

Temperate Northern Atlantic North Sea (near Scotland). (Kristensen & Sejrup 1996) STATUS NOT STATED [Norway] Hornsund fjord in southern Spitsbergen. (ZajÄ…czkowski et al. 2010) STATUS NOT STATED [Denmark] Disko Bugt, Greenland. (Lloyd 2006) STATUS NOT STATED [Great Britain] Berwickshire coast . (Moore 1985) STATUS NOT STATED [Great Britain] Otter Estuary at Budleigh Salterton. (Allen 2010) STATUS NOT STATED [Italy] Southern Tyrrhenian Sea. (Ferraro et al. 2012) STATUS NOT STATED [United States] Mettrimack River delta, MA. (Nathan et al. 2014) STATUS NOT STATED [Canada] Gulf of St. Lawrence; Nova Scotia (Gross 2015; Barlett 1964; Bedford Institute of Oceanography 1966; Bedford Institute of Oceanography 1969; Cole 1981; Schafer and Cole 1978; Schafer et al 1983; Wagner 1964; Boyd and Honig 1992; Gregory et al 2010; Williamson et al 1984) STATUS STATED [Iceland] Western and northern Iceland shelf; Isafjardardjup (Jennings et al 2004; Mackensen and Nam 2014; Quillmann et al 2010; Quilllmann et al 2012) STATUS STATED [UK] Celtic Sea; North Sea; Porcupine Seabight (Scott et al 2003; Gross 2015; Klitgaard-Kristensen and Sejrup 1996; Klitgaard-Kristensen et al 2002; Moore 1985; Ruggeberg et al 2007) STATUS STATED [Norway] Tana; North Sea (Corner et al 1996; Hald and Korsun 1997; Klitgaard-Kristensen and Sejrup 1996; Kubischta et al 2010) STATUS STATED [Spain] Majjorca (Gross 2015; Milker et al 2012) STATUS STATED [Italy] Adriatic Sea (Morigi et al 2005) STATUS STATED [Greece] Evoikos; Aegean Sea (Drinia et al 2014) STATUS STATED [Greenland] Disko Bugt (Lloyd 2006; Mackensen and Nam 2014) STATUS NOT STATED [Denmark] Kattegat; North Sea (Conradsen 1993; Klitgaard-Kristensen and Sejrup 1996; Klitgaard-Kristensen et al 2002) STATUS NOT STATED [Sweden] Kattegat; Kosterfjord (Conradsen 1993; Wisshak and Ruggeberg 2006) STATUS NOT STATED [Portugal] Albufeira Lagoon (Alday et al 2013) STATUS NOT STATED Straits of Gibraltar (Lutze and Coulbourn 1984) STATUS NOT STATED [France] Bay of Biscay; Vendee (Gross 2015; Amynot du Chatelet et al 2004; Morvan et al 2006) STATUS NOT STATED [Israel] Mediterranean Sea (Arieli et al 2011) STATUS NOT STATED [US] Gulf of Maine; Maine; North Carolina (Oregon State University 1971; Moretzsohn et al 2016; OBIS 2015; Gross 2015; Pacific International Center for High Technology Research 2001; Abbene et al 2006; Kemp et al 2013; Nathan et al 2014) STATUS NOT STATED [Lobatula lobatula (synonymised species)] [Canada] Bay of Fundy; New Brunswick; Prince Edward Islands (Gross 2015; Barlett 1964; Bedford Institute of Oceanography 1966; Bedford Institute of Oceanography 1969; Cole 1981; Marlowe 1965; Schafer and Cole 1978; Schafer et al 1983; Vilks 1964; Wagner 1964; Boyd and Honig 1992; Gregory et al 2010; Williamson et al 1984) STATUS STATED [Lobatula lobatula (synonymised species)] [UK] Long Island South; English Channel; Irish Sea (Scott et al 2003; Gross 2015; Klitgaard-Kristensen and Sejrup 1996; Klitgaard-Kristensen et al 2002; Moore 1985; Ruggeberg et al 2007) STATUS STATED [Lobatula lobatula (synonymised species)] [Spain] Bay of Biscay; Gulf of Cadiz (Gross 2015; Milker et al 2012) STATUS STATED Tropical Atlantic [Dominican Republic] Azua Basin (McLaughlin and Sen Gupta 1994) STATUS STATED Dakar, Senegal (Lutze and Coulbourn 1984) STATUS NOT STATED Temperate Northern Pacific [Japan] Matsushima Bay, northeast Honshu. (Matoba 1970) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Pacific coast of Hokkaido: Akkeshi Bay; northeast coasts of Honshu: Mutsu Bay, Onagawa Bay, Matsukawa-ura; Pacific coasts of central Honshu: Boso Peninsula, Kamakura, Izu Peninsula, Yuasa and Kushimoto in Kii Peninsula; Pacific coast of Kyushu: Aoshima; Japan Sea coasts: off Kashiwazaki, Wakasa Bay. (Uchio 1976) STATUS NOT STATED [South Korea] South Korean Exclusive Economic Zone; Yellow Sea; South Sea (Gross 2015; Jeong et al 2011; Kong et al 2013) STATUS STATED [Japan] Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone; Shimoda (Gross 2015; de Nooijer et al 2008) STATUS NOT STATED [US] Washington; Oregon; California (Oregon State University 1971; Moretzsohn et al 2016; OBIS 2015; Gross 2015; Pacific International Center for High Technology Research 2001; Abbene et al 2006; Kemp et al 2013; Nathan et al 2014) STATUS NOT STATED Central Indo-Pacific [Malaysia] Borneo; Sunda Shelf; South China Sea (Szarek et al 2006) STATUS NOT STATED [New Caledonia] (Gross 2015) STATUS NOT STATED [Guam] (Gross 2015) STATUS NOT STATED Eastern Indo-Pacific Hawaii (Oregon State University 1971; Moretzsohn et al 2016; OBIS 2015; Gross 2015; Pacific International Center for High Technology Research 2001; Abbene et al 2006; Kemp et al 2013; Nathan et al 2014) STATUS NOT STATED Western Indo-Pacific [India] Chilka Lake, Orissa State. (Anil & Gangadhara 2015) STATUS NOT STATED Indian Ocean (Singh et al 2012) STATUS STATED [Mozambique] Bazaruto Archipelago (Gross 2015) STATUS NOT STATED Temperate Australasia [New Zealand] New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone; Northern New Zealand (Gross 2015; Hayward and Buzas 1979) STATUS NOT STATED Temperate South America [Argentina] Isla De Los Estados; Tierra Del Fuego (Thompson 1978) STATUS NOT STATED [Brazil] Rio de Janeiro coast (Mazzoli-Dias et al 2007) STATUS NOT STATED Southern Ocean [Antarctic] Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands. (Majewski 2010) STATUS NOT STATED [Antarctica] Deception Island; Ross Sea (Gross 2015; Finger and Lipps 1981; Osterman and Kellogg 1979) STATUS STATED [Lobatula lobatula (synonymised species)] [Antarctica] Admiralty Bay (Gross 2015; Finger and Lipps 1981; Osterman and Kellogg 1979) STATUS STATED Arctic Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea; Nunavut; Arctic Ocean (Bedford Institute of Oceanography 1966; Bedford Institute of Oceanography 1969; Marlowe 1965; Vilks 1964; Williamson et al 1984) STATUS STATED [Iceland] Northern Iceland shelf (Jennings et al 2004; Mackensen and Nam 2014; Quillmann et al 2010; Quilllmann et al 2012) STATUS STATED Svalbard; Arctic Ocean (Corner et al 1996; Hald and Korsun 1997; Kubischta et al 2010) STATUS STATED [Russia] Arctic Ocean; Barents Sea (Wollenburg and Kuhnt 2000; Dubicka et al 2015; Ivanova et al 2008; Korsun and Hald 1998) STATUS NOT STATED Uncertain realm Newfoundland (Bedford Institute of Oceanography 1966; Bedford Institute of Oceanography 1969; Cole 1981; Williamson et al 1984) STATUS STATED [China] (Gross 2015) STATUS NOT STATED [Mexico] Gulf of Mexico (Moretzsohn et al 2016) STATUS NOT STATED [US] Gulf of Mexico; Alaska (Oregon State University 1971; Moretzsohn et al 2016; OBIS 2015; Gross 2015; Pacific International Center for High Technology Research 2001; Abbene et al 2006; Kemp et al 2013; Nathan et al 2014) STATUS NOT STATED

Geographic Range:

Cosmopolitan distribution (Moretzsohn et al 2016; Thomas 1987) [Western Pacific] Hawaii; Japan; South Korea and China; Australia and New Zealand; Russia; Central Indo-Pacific (Pacific International Center for High Technology Research 2001) [Eastern Pacific] Alaska; Washington to California (Oregon State University 1971) [Western Atlantic] Arctic Ocean; Eastern Canada to Argentina (Moretzsohn et al 2016; OBIS 2015; Culver and Buzas 1980; Thompson 1978) [Eastern Atlantic] Arctic Ocean; Iceland and Greenland; Scandinavia; Atlantic Coast to Senegal, Africa (Lutze and Coulbourn 1984; OBIS 2015) [Mediterranean] (Arieli et al 2011; OBIS 2015) [Antarctica] (Gross 2015; Finger and Lipps 1981; Osterman and Kellogg 1979) North Sea (near Scotland): 57º07.00'N, 01º54.00'W; 57º04.12'N, 01º44.93'W; 56º16.25'N, 00º45.99'E. (Kristensen & Sejrup 1996) Hornsund fjord in southern Spitsbergen: Between 76.95565ºN, 15.44898ºE and 77.012183ºN, 16.48657ºE. (Zajączkowski et al. 2010)

General Diversity:

A huge variety of morphotypes which were sometimes described as different subspecies or even different species; adopt different shapes depending on substrate on which they live fixed; large phenotypic variation within C. lobatulusis not phylogenetically relevant (Schweizer 2006) Clear geographical separation between the population from Mediterranean and the populations from the North Atlantic and Skagerrak, suggest that this species may comprise several cryptic species (Schweizer 2006)

Non-native Distribution

Invasion History:

No records of invasion (Global Invasive Species Database 2016)

Non-native Region:

Not applicable

Invasion Propens:

Not applicable

Status Date Non-native:

Not applicable

Vectors and Spread

Initial Vector:

See details

Second Vector:

Natural dispersal

Vector Details:

Distribution by currents (Barlett 1964)

Spread Rate:

Not applicable

Date First Observed in Japan:

NF

Date First Observed on West coast North America:

[Nawilliwilli, Hawaii] Studies of site conducted in 1976 by US Army Corps of Engineers (Pacific International Center for High Technology Research 2001)

Impacts

Impact in Japan:

NF

Global Impact:

NF

Tolerences

Native Temperature Regime:

Cold water, Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical

Native Temperature Range:

Prefers low to intermediate temperature (Singh et al 2012) [Sunda Shelf, South China Sea] From 26.5 to 30°C (Szarek et al 2006) [Canada] Nova Scotia sampling sites ranged from 0 to 22˚C (Barlett 1964; Williamson et al 1984) [US] Gulf of Maine: Temperatures ranged from 4°C to 18°C (Nathan et al 2014) [Nawilliwilli, Hawaii] Temperature ranged from 3 to 28˚C (Pacific International Center for High Technology Research 2001) [Greenland] Temperature ranges from 0 - 8˚C; dominates relatively warm surface water areas (Lloyd 2006) [Iceland] Temperatures from 3.5 - 11˚C (Jennings et al 2004) [Svalbard, Norway] Temperatures of around 0˚C, minimum reported of -1.5˚C (Hald and Korsun 1997) [Sweden] Temperature ranges from below freezing to 17-20°C (Wisshak and Ruggeberg 2006) [Spain] Mallorca temperatures from 13.4 to 27.4°C (Milker et al 2012) [Antarctica] Water temperatures relatively uniform from -2.0 to 2.0˚C (Finger and Lipps 1981) [Denmark] The water temperature at the site of Disko Gugt in Greenland in which C. l. was common is 4–8ºC at the layer of 0-50 m. (Lloyd 2006) [North Sea] Water temperature of Fladen Ground adjacent to the distribution area of C. l. is 8ºC with the range of 7.7-9.0ºC. (From Kristensen & Sejrup 1996) [United States] Surface temperature ranges from ~4ºC in February to 17–18ºC in August at Merrimack Embayment. (Pathfinder, 2005, cited in Nathan et al. 2014) By August, it is strongly stratified, with the thermocline at 40–50 m and bottom temperatures at ~5.5ºC. (Parker, 1952; Phleger, 1952; Pathfinder, 2005, cited in Nathan et al. 2014). [Japan] Matsushima Bay: less than 23ºC in summer at the bottom of the deep chanels at the bay mouth and more than 4ºC in winter at the outer part of the bay. (Matoba 1970) Cold water, Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.) [Lobatula lobatula (synonymised species)] Temperature ranged from -1.726 to 28.823˚C (OBIS 2015)

Non-native Temperature Regime:

Not applicable

Non-native Temperature Range:

Not applicable

Native Salinity Regime:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Native Salinity Range:

[Sunda Shelf, South China Sea] Salinity between 32.8 to 33.8%o (Szarek et al 2006) [Canada] Nova Scotia: Live species present in environments with salinities between 30.00 - 35.00%o (Barlett 1964; Williamson et al 1984) [US] North Carolina: Salinity at sites ranged from 32 - 36%o (Abbene et al 2006) [US] Gulf of Maine: Salinity ranged from 29 to 32.5%o (Nathan et al 2014) [Nawilliwilli, Hawaii] Salinity ranged from 34.0 to 35.0 PPT (Pacific International Center for High Technology Research 2001) [Greenland] Salinity ranges from <30 to > 34 PSU; dominates relatively low salinity surface water areas (Lloyd 2006) [Iceland] Salinity levels between 31.5 - 35.07%o (Jennings et al 2004) [Svalbard, Norway] Salinities around 33.5-34.5%o (Hald and Korsun 1997) [Sweden] Salinity 30.9 to 34.5 PSU (some instance of variable salinity of 8.0PSU) (Wisshak and Ruggeberg 2006) [Antarctica] Salinity range from 33.75 to 34.2%o (Silva Sandoval and Munoz Silva 1975, cited in Finger and Lipps 1981) [Denmark] The salinity at the site of Disko Gugt in Greenland in which C. l. was common is below 33.4 psu at the layer of 0-50 m. (Lloyd 2006) [North Sea] Salinity of Fladen Ground adjacent to the distribution area of C. l. is 34.9-35.3 psu. (From Kristensen & Sejrup 1996) [United States] Bottom-water salinity at Merrimack Embayment changes from 31.5 psu in mid-summer to 32.5 psu during the winter (GoMOOS, 2006, cited in Nathan et al. 2014). [Japan] Matsushima Bay: Chlorinity in summer is rather uniform throughout the bay with 14-17‰ (corresponding value 25-31 psu) at the bottom and more uniform in winter than that of summer with about 17-18‰ (corresponding value 31-33 psu) at the surface. (Matoba 1970) [Lobatula lobatula (synonymised species)] 25.467 - 39.073 PPS (OBIS 2015)

Non-native Salinity Regime:

Not applicable

Temperature Regime Survival:

Cold water, Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical

Temperature Range Survival:

[Lobatula lobatula (synonymised species)] [Israel] Temperature ranged from 18-36°C in heated stations from thermal pollution (Arieli et al 2011) Cold water, Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Temperature Regime Reproduction:

Cold water, Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical

Temperature Range Reproduction:

Cold water, Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Salinity Regime Survival:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Salinity Range Survival:

[Canada] Nova Scotia: Living species present in environments with salinities between 30 - 32%o (Barlett 1964) Not tolerant of lowered salinities (when discussing sea floor salinity up to 34%o) (Gregory et al 2010)

Salintiy Regime Reproduction:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Salinity Range Reproduction:

Polyhaline, Euhaline (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Depth Regime:

Lower intertidal, Shallow subtidal, Deep subtidal, Bathyal, Abyssal

Depth Range:

VARIABILITY: Depths listed for ranges that are also specified to be out of the species' range [United States] Merrimack River delta: C. l. is absent at the depths >60 m. (Nathan et al. 2014) [Japan] Upper depth limit is 20-30 m. (Akimoto & Hasegawa 1989) North American Atlantic Coast: Depth distribution < 200m (Culver and Buzas 1980) Found unattached in samples, from 390 to 3210m, most commonly from 2560 to 2743m, were sediments are coarser (Cole 1981) Small form found in small numbers in most surface samples; At 2880m it comprises over 6.0% of benthic total, at 4046m, 5.0%. Somewhat less widespread above 2750m. Large form appears in small numbers from between 2995m and 3985m (Thomas 1987) Frequently dominates shallow waters (less than 100m) (Klitgaard-Kristensen et al 2002) Very common in the immediate sublittoral zone (Moore 1985) [Nova Scotia, Canada] Depths of 5 - 35m (Barlett 1964) [Nunavut, Canada] 60.4%occurs 200m depth; 12.8% occurs 200-540m depths and 8.5% at 540-604m depths (Wagner 1964) [Alaska, US] Sampled at tidal flats, lower limit is subtidal (Kemp et al 2013) [Oregon, US] 0-100m depth (Oregon State University 1971) [Gulf of Mexico] Depth range 1 - 2286m (Moretzsohn et al 2016) [North Sea] From the fig. 5 of Kristensen & Sejrup (1996), it is presumed that C. l. is distributed at the depth of about 70-120 m. (Otani pers. comm.) [Italy] C. l. was a typical epiphytic species and dominated at between 13 and 187 m depth. (Ferraro et al. 2012)

Non-native Salinity Range:

Native Abundance:

Rare, Few, Ephemeral, Common, Abundant

Reproduction

Fertilization Mode:

See details

Reproduction Mode:

See details

Spawning Type:

See details

Development Mode:

See details

Asexual Reproduction:

See details

Reproduction Details:

After multiple fission of the planorbulinoid stage, the juveniles emerge after the walls have gradually been dissolved, and become strongly perforated (Nyholm 1961, cited in Rottger 1974) Protoplasm divides inside the test of the agamont, and gamonts with few chambers hatch out; before the "schizozoites" develop in the "resting schizont", protoplasm flows from the innermost into the outermost chambers which are until then, free of protoplasm (Nyholm 1961, cited in Rottger 1974) Release of schizonts (few-chamber stage) surrounded only by the organic lining (Nyholm 1961, cited in Stouff et al 1999) Amoeboidal and triflagellated gametes (Goldstein 1997) Nuclear dualism in the gamonts (Voronoa 1978, cited in Preobrazhenskaya and Tarasova 2004) RELATED: [Rotaliina] Gametogamous taxa that produce free-swimming, biflagellated gametes (Goldstein 1997) [Foraminifera] Alteration of sexual and asexual generations with meiosis associated with asexual reproduction (Schweizer 2006) [Foraminifera] Reproduction in the foraminiferans involves a definite alternation of asexual and sexual generations. Each species of foraminiferans is dimorphic, and in most multilocular species the two types of individuals differ in the size of the proloculum. One type of individual, known as a schizont, reproduces asexually and has a shell with a small proloculus, called a microspheric shell. The other type, which has a megalospheric shell, is known as a gamont and reproduces sexually. (Barnes 1968) [Foraminifera] The schizont becomes multinucleate and gives rise to a large number of smal amebas, each containing a single nucleus. These offspring secrete a megalospheric shell and become gamonts. When mature, the gamonts produce a large number of biflagellated anisogametes, pairs of which fuse to form a zygote. The zygote gives rise to a schizont with a microspheric shell, thus completing the cycle. (Barnes 1968) [Foraminifera] One type of individual, known as a schizont, reproduces sexually and has a shell with a small proloculus, called a microspheric shell. The other type, which has a megalospheric shell, is known as a gamont and reproduces asexually. (Yagyu 1962)

Adult Mobility:

See details

Adult Mobility Details:

Dispersal by currents (Barlett 1964) Attached to substrate; flat side is adhesive (Boyd and Honig 1992; Conradsen 1993; Dubicka et al 2015) Sessile species although have been found unattached (Hald and Korsun 1997; Jennings et al 2014) Note: Usually found unattached in samples (Cole 1981) RELATED: [Foraminifera] Bottom dwellers creep slowly over the substratum. (Yagyu 1962, Barnes 1968)

Maturity Size:

About 700µm (Hald and Korsun 1997) 4-6cm (Ivanova et al 2008)

Maturity Age:

NF

Reproduction Lifespan:

NF

Longevity:

NF

Broods per Year:

NF

Reproduction Cues:

NF

Reproduction Time:

NF

Fecundity:

NF

Egg Size:

NF

Egg Duration:

NF

Early Life Growth Rate:

NF

Adult Growth Rate:

NF

Population Growth Rate:

NF

Population Variablity:

Two fairly distinct morphotypes on the lower Scotian slope and rise; the 'typical' fairly large form familiar to many workers and a smaller, more irregular form. Small form is more common in sediments which have few or no clastic particles large enough for this normally attached form to properly adhere to (Thomas 1987) Clear geographical separation between the population from Mediterranean and the populations from the North Atlantic and Skagerrak, suggest that this species may comprise several cryptic species (Schweizer 2006)

Habitat

Ecosystem:

Tide flats, Sediment subtidal, Rocky subtidal, Mussel reef, Macroalgal beds, Kelp forest, Fouling

Habitat Type:

Epibenthic, Epiphytic, Epizoic

Substrate:

Mud, Sand, Mixed fine sediment, Gravel, Cobble, Mixed sediments, Rock, Hardpan, Biogenic, Artificial substrate

Exposure:

Exposed, Semi-exposed

Habitat Expansion:

[US] Gulf of Maine: Observed populations retreating landward, becoming much more constrained along the shore and much more abundant near the mouth of the Merrimack River (Nathan et al 2014)

Habitat Details:

Coarser substrates sharply increases abundance (Bedford Institute of Oceanography 1966; Bedford Institute of Oceanography 1969; Kubischta et al 2010) Common/Dominant species at open waters at mouth area (Alday et al 2013) On commercial scallops (Hayward and Haynes 1976, cited in Alexander and DeLaca 1987) Lives attached to firm substrates, able to live in areas subject to disturbances by currents and is often associated with coarse substrates (Conradsen 1993; Klitgaard-Kristensen and Sejrup 1996; Klitgaard-Kristensen et al 2002) Benthic foraminifera; seafloor habitats; attaches itself to different substrates (e.g. pebbles, mollusk; shells or sponges) and appears to be dependent on near-bottom currents for nutritional needs (Altenbach et al 1999, cited in Dubicka et al 2015) Prefers relatively shallow but open marine environments (Hansen and Knudsen 1995 and Rytter et al 2002, cited in Kubischta et al 2010) Occupies wide range of habitats including seaweeds, rocks, bryozoans, molluscs and tunicates (Allen 1953, Nyholm 1961, Atkinson 1970, Murray 1971, and Haward and Haynes 1976, cited in Moore 1985) [Korea] Found in muddy sand facies; known usually attached to sand, gravel and boulders (Jeong et al 2011) [Nova Scotia, Canada] Widely distributed in coarse sand, sand and gravel, and sand and boulder substrates; actual habitat of living forms, because of the low living number, cannot be definitely established; present where sediments are coarsest and currents strongest (Barlett 1964) Sampled on PVC plates (Wisshak and Ruggeberg 2006) [Oregon, US] Rock and sand substrate (Oregon State University 1971) [Norway] Sampled from fine-sand sample at tidal strait; lives attached to clasts or algae; associated with coarser sediments at Svalbard; Noted attached to pebbles in coarser samples; correlates to sand content; associated with high energy bottom water environments (Corner et al 1996; Hald and Korsun 1997) [North Sea] Significant numbers found attached to anthurid isopod (Astacilla longicornis) (Moore 1985) [Russia] Occurs and dominates mostly in areas with high current activities (Wollenburg and Kuhnt 2000) [Russia] In core samples, penetrates to 10cm into sediments searching for food; epifaunal species that can penetrate deep into sediment if it is detached from hard substrate and transported downcore by bioturbation (Ivanova et al 2008) [Brazil] Found on sponge samples (Mazzoli-Dias et al 2007) [North Sea] C. l. lives attached to a hard surface substrate which means they can survive in areas with stronger currents and in sediments containing sand and gravel (Vilks & Deonarine 1987; Murray 1991; Conradsen 1993, cited in Kristensen & Sejrup 1996). [Norway] C. l. prefers living on sediment surface, being attached to gravels, grains, shells, or algae (Nyholm 1961; Korsun et al. 1994, cited in ZajÄ…czkowski et al. 2010) [Italy] C. l. was a typical epiphytic species and dominated at between 13 and 187 m depth, on sediment strongly dominated by sands and vegetation cover of Posidonia oceanica. (Ferraro et al. 2012) [United States] C. l. is observed on the delta plain in fine to medium sands, Merrimack River delta. (Nathan et al. 2014) [Japan] Matsushima Bay: The sediment of the area where C. l. is common is coarser than inner part of the bay. (From Matoba 1970)

Trophic Level:

Suspension feeders

Trophic Details:

Any organisms that comes in contact with the pseudopodia becomes fastened to the granular, adhesive surface of these organelles. And these organisms are eventually enclosed in a food vacuole and drawn toward the interior of the body. (Barnes 1968) [Lobatula lobatula (synonymised species)] Suspension feeder (Murray 1991 and Guibault et al 2006, cited in Mazzoli-Dias et al 2007; Schweizer 2006)

Forage Mode:

Generalist

Forage Details:

Any organisms that comes in contact with the pseudopodia becomes fastened to the granular, adhesive surface of these organelles. And these organisms are eventually enclosed in a food vacuole and drawn toward the interior of the body. (Barnes 1968) [Lobatula lobatula (synonymised species)] Intercepting food on sponge's inhalant currents (Mazzoli-Dias et al 2007)

Natural Control:

NF

Associated Species:

NF

References and Notes

References:

Abbene, I. J., Culver, S. J., Reide Corbett, D., Buzas, M. A., & Tully, L. S. (2006). Distribution of Foraminifera in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, Over the Past Century. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 36(2), 135-151. Doi: 10.2113/36.2.135 Akimoto K & Hasegawa S (1989) Bathymetric distribution of the recent benthic focraminifers around Japan. -As a contribution to the new paleobathymetric scale-. The memoirs of the Geological Society of Japan 32: 229-240. (in Japanese with English abstract) http://ci.nii.ac.jp/els/110003025308.pdf?id=ART0003484920&type=pdf&lang=en&host=cinii&order_no=&ppv_type=0&lang_sw=&no=1467789471&cp= Alday, M., Cearreta, A., Freitas, M. C., & Andrade, C. (2013). Modern and late Holocene foraminiferal record of restricted environmental conditions in the Albufeira Lagoon, SW Portugal. Geologica Acta, 11(1), 75-84. Doi: 10.1344/105.000001754 Alexander, S. P., & DeLaca, T. E. (1987). 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Literature:

Limited information; expert opinion based on observational information or circumstantial evidence

Notes:

Listed under many synonyms (see WoRMS for examples) Mazzoli-Dias et al 2007 listed Cibicides lobatulus and Lobatula aff. lobatula separately in their collection in Brazil (Mazzoli-Dias et al 2007)