Entodesma navicula
Overview
Scientific Name: Entodesma navicula
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Order: [Superorder] Anomalodesmata
Family: Lyonsiidae
Genus: Entodesma
Species:
navicula (synonymized with Entodesma saxicola, Lyonsia saxicola)
[Describe here as A. iricolor]
Native Distribution
Origin Realm:
Arctic,
Temperate Northern Pacific, Central Indo-Pacific
Native Region:
Origin Location:
Arctic
Alaska, the Bering Sea (Coan et al. 2000, cited in Harper 2009) STATUS NOT STATED
Temperate Northern Pacific
Northern Pacific: from California, up through the west coast of USA, Canada, Alaska, and west to the Kurile Islands and northern Japan (Coan et al. 2000, cited in Harper 2009) STATUS NOT STATED
Fossil Point, Coos Bay; Aleutian Islands to San Diego, California (Rudy et al. 2016) STATUS NOT STATED
Bowie Seamount, NE Pacific Ocean (Mcdaniel et al. 2003) STATUS NOT STATED
Aleutian Islands, Alaska to southern California (Sept 2009) STATUS NOT STATED
Aleutian Islands, Alaska to Baja, California (Cowles 2005) STATUS NOT STATED
British Columbia, Canada (Forsyth and Harbo 2013) STATUS NOT STATED
[Japan] Sourthern Hokkaido to Kyushu at the Pacific side.
Oga Peninsula to Kyushu at Sea of Japan. (Higo et al. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED
East China Sea (Higo et al. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED
[China] Quindao and Yantai (empty shells) in Yellow Sea (Zhongyan ed. 2004) STATUS NOT STATED
Central Indo-Pacific
South China Sea, Philippines, Indonesia, and Southeast Asia (Higo ed. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED
Temperate Northern Atlantic
[Russia] Along the coast of middle Primrye. (Lutaenko 1999) STATUS NOT STATED
Uncertain realm
Southeast Asia (Higo ed. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED
Geographic Range:
Range: -151.5 33.5,136.200012207031 59.6000022888184 (Ocean Biogeographic Information System 2016)
Aleutian Islands, Alaska to southern California (Sept 2009)
Aleutian Islands, Alaska to Baja CA (Cowles 2005)
Aleutian Islands to San Diego, California (Rudy et al. 2016)
Northern Pacific: from California, up through the west coast of USA, Canada, Alaska, the Bering Sea, and west to the Kurile Islands and northern Japan (Coan et al. 2000, cited in Harper 2009)
[Japan] 32ºN to 42ºN at the Pacific side and to 46ºN at Japan Sea side. (Inaba 1983)
[Russia] 43º05'N, 134º18'E and 42º53'N, 133º57'E at middle Primorye (Lutaenko 1999)
General Diversity:
NF
Non-native Distribution
Invasion History:
No records of invasion (Global Invasive Species Database 2015, 2016)
Non-native Region:
Not applicable
Invasion Propens:
Not applicable
Status Date Non-native:
Not applicable
Vectors and Spread
Initial Vector:
Not applicable
Second Vector:
Not applicable
Vector Details:
Not applicable
Spread Rate:
Not applicable
Date First Observed in Japan:
Not applicable
Date First Observed on West coast North America:
Not applicable
Impacts
Impact in Japan:
Not applicable
Global Impact:
Not applicable
Tolerences
Native Temperature Regime:
Cold water, Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical
Native Temperature Range:
[Russia] In the subtida zone of open sea area, August temperatures reach 15-17ºC. (Lutaenko 1999)
Cold water, Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.)
Non-native Temperature Regime:
Not applicable
Non-native Temperature Range:
Not applicable
Native Salinity Regime:
Euhaline
Native Salinity Range:
[Russia] In open area like middle Primorye where A. navicula is collected, salinity approaches 33-34 psu. (Lutaenko 1999)
Non-native Salinity Regime:
Not applicable
Temperature Regime Survival:
Cold water, Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical, See details
Temperature Range Survival:
9.967°C (OBIS 2016)
[Russia] In the subtida zone of open sea area, August temperatures reach 15-17ºC. (Lutaenko 1999)
Cold water, Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.)
Temperature Regime Reproduction:
Cold water, Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical
Temperature Range Reproduction:
[Russia] In the subtida zone of open sea area, August temperatures reach 15-17ºC. (Lutaenko 1999)
Cold water, Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.)
Salinity Regime Survival:
Euhaline
Salinity Range Survival:
Collected at 30 ppt (Rudy et al. 2016)
[Russia] In open area like middle Primorye where A. navicula is collected, salinity approaches 33-34 psu. (Lutaenko 1999)
Salintiy Regime Reproduction:
Polyhaline, Euhaline
Salinity Range Reproduction:
[Russia] In open area like middle Primorye where A. navicula is collected, salinity approaches 33-34 psu. (Lutaenko 1999)
Depth Regime:
Lower intertidal, Shallow subtidal, Deep subtidal
Depth Range:
[British Columbia, Canada] intertidal (Forsyth and Harbo 2013)
low intertidal to 20 m (Cowles 2005)
intertidal to 20 m depths (Sept 2009)
[Bowie Seamount, NE Pacific Ocean] observed to 40 m depth (Mcdaniel et al. 2003)
intertidal zone to 60 m (Coan et al 2000, cited in Harper et al. 2009)
intertidal; subtidal to 45 fathoms (Keen and Coan 1974, cited in Rudy et al. 2016)
[Japan] 20-30 m deep at Set Inland Sea (Inaba 1982)
From lower intertidal to subtidal zone (Ministry of the Environment ed. 2014)
[Russia] 0-15 m deep (Lutaenko 1999)
Non-native Salinity Range:
Native Abundance:
Rare, Few, Common, Abundant
Reproduction
Fertilization Mode:
external
Reproduction Mode:
See details
Spawning Type:
None
Development Mode:
Planktonic larva (type unspecified)
Asexual Reproduction:
Does not reproduce asexually
Reproduction Details:
External fertilization; simultaneous hermaphrodites; individuals alternate between the release of eggs and sperm (Cowles 2005)
Hermaphroditic; external fertilization; release eggs and sperm alternatively (Rudy et al. 2016)
Gonochoristic/ dioecious; planktonic larva (type unspecified); does not reproduce asexually (M. Otani, pers. comm.)
Adult Mobility:
See details
Adult Mobility Details:
Capable of byssal attachment to crevices (Cowles 2005)
Attached by byssus (Rudy et al. 2016)
Permanent byssal attachment (Yonge 1952; Morris et al. 1980, cited in Harper et al. 2009)
Facultatively mobile (Species with limited mobility, in particular to repositioning themselves in response to environmental disturbances (e.g., sea anemones)) (M. Otani, pers. comm.)
Maturity Size:
up to 15 cm long (Sept 2009)
can exceed 10 cm in length (Cowles 2005)
Maturity Age:
NF
Reproduction Lifespan:
RELATED:
[Bivalvia] Spawning occurs from early summer to autumn is common for bivalves are in temperate or tropical zone. (Sumikawa 1994)
Longevity:
NF
Broods per Year:
NF
Reproduction Cues:
RELATED:
[Bivalvia] Among several reproduction cues including wave shock, the change of salinity, lunar age and tidal rhythm, the change of the water temperature is the most important factor. (Orton 1920 and etc., cited in Sumikawa 1994)
Reproduction Time:
RELATED:
[Bivalvia] Spawning occurs from early summer to autumn is common for bivalves are in temperate or tropical zone. (Sumikawa 1994)
Fecundity:
NF
Egg Size:
NF
Egg Duration:
NF
Early Life Growth Rate:
NF
Adult Growth Rate:
NF
Population Growth Rate:
NF
Population Variablity:
NF
Habitat
Ecosystem:
SAV,
Tidal flat,
Rocky intertidal, Rocky subtidal, Kelp forest, Fouling,
Other
Habitat Type:
Epibenthic, Under rock
Substrate:
Gravel, Cobble, Rock, Biogenic
Exposure:
Semo-exposed, Protected
Habitat Expansion:
NF
Habitat Details:
[British Columbia, Canada] intertidal (Forsyth and Harbo 2013)
Holes/crevices in rocks; kelp holdfasts and giant barnacles at very low tide; foot appears to be specialized for gripping onto rock (Cowles 2005)
Found in rock crevices, on shores covered in broken rocks, intertidally to 20 m (Sept 2009)
Attaches byssally between rocks and in crevices (Yonge 1952; Morris et al. 1980, cited in Harper et al. 2009)
Found in estuarine rocky intertidal; nestles/burrows in rock crevices and abandoned pholad burrows. Also attaches to floats/ pilings with byssal threads; adapts to rocky habitat by distorting its shell as it grows (Rudy et al. 2016)
[Japan] Among the root of Phaeophyceae grows on the cobble or gravel at sea bottom or at tidal flat. (Ministry of the Environment ed. 2014)
[Russia] On rocky bottom, among sea-grass bed Phyllospadix. (Lutaenko 1970)
Semo-exposed, Protected (M. Otani, pers. comm.)
Trophic Level:
Suspension feeder
Trophic Details:
suspension feeder (Rudy et al. 2016)
Forage Mode:
Non-selective
Forage Details:
Non-selective (M. Otani, pers. comm.)
Natural Control:
PREDATION
[Predation] Entodesma navicula (as Lyonsia saxicola (synonymized taxon) is prey for Octopus dofleini, at both subadult and adult stages (Gillespie et al. 1998)
[Predation] Pycnopodia helianthoides (Cowles 2005)
PARASITES
[Parasites] E. navicula is host to ectoparasites Odostomia spp. (reported from British Columbia, Canada, and Alaska) and Evalea tenuisculpta (reported from British Columbia, Canada, and Washington, U.S.A.) (Harbo et al. 2012, cited in Bower 2013); they are small white snails; attach to mantle margin or directly to tip of siphon; penetrate the soft tissues with a stylet attached to a long extendible proboscis; extract fluids from hosts; large numbers ( > 20 per siphon) can cause irritation to tissue and disrupt feeding in the clam host; no deaths have been reported to date (Bower 2013)
Associated Species:
SYMBIONTS
[Symbiont] symbiotic pea crab Pinnixa faba can be found in E. navicula (Cowles 2005)
PARASITES
[Parasites] E. navicula is host to ectoparasites Odostomia spp. (reported from British Columbia, Canada, and Alaska) and Evalea tenuisculpta (reported from British Columbia, Canada, and Washington, U.S.A.) (Harbo et al. 2012, cited in Bower 2013); they are small white snails; attach to mantle margin or directly to tip of siphon; penetrate the soft tissues with a stylet attached to a long extendible proboscis; extract fluids from hosts; large numbers ( > 20 per siphon) can cause tissue irritation and feeding cessation in the clam host; no deaths have been reported to date (Bower 2013)
References and Notes
References:
Bower SM (2013) Synopsis of Infectious Diseases and Parasites of Commercially Exploited Shellfish: Siphon Snails of Clams and Cockles. http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/aah-saa/diseases-maladies/csscc-eng.html
Cowles D (2005) Entodesma navicula. http://www.wallawalla.edu/academics/departments/biology/rosario/inverts/Mollusca/Bivalvia/Pholadomyoida/Entodesma_navicula.html Access Date: 9-Feb-16.
Forsyth RG, Harbo RM (2013) List of Bivalve Molluscs from British Columbia, Canada. http://ibis.geog.ubc.ca/biodiversity/efauna/documents/Bivalve_List_11Oct2013.pdf
Gillespie GE, Parker G, Morrison J (1998) A Review of Octopus Fisheries Biology and British Columbia Octopus Fisheries. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/CSAS/Csas/DocREC/1998/98_087_e.pdf
Global Invasive Species Database. http://www.issg.org/database/species/search.asp?sts=sss&st=sss&fr=1&sn=septifer+virgatus&rn=&hci=-1&ei=-1&lang=EN&x=14&y=8. Access Date: 3-Sept-2015. and http://www.issg.org/database/species/search.asp?sts=tss&st=tss&fr=1&x=0&y=0&li=6&tn=entodesma&lang=EN Access Date: 7-Feb-16
Harper EM, Checa AG, RodrÃguezâ€Navarro AB (2009) Organization and mode of secretion of the granular prismatic microstructure of Entodesma navicula (Bivalvia: Mollusca). Acta Zoologica. 90(2):132-41. http://www.ugr.es/~grupo179/pdf/harper2009.pdf
Higo S, Callomon P, Goto Y (1999) Catalogue and bibliography of the marine shell-bearing mollusca of Japan. Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Polyplachophora, Scaphopoda. Shell Scientific Publications, Osaka: 748pp.
Inaba A (1982) Molluscan fauna of the Inland Sea, Japan. Hiroshima shell club, Hiroshima: 181pp. (in Japanese)
Lutaenko KA (1999) Additional data on the fauna of bivalve mollusks of the Russian continental coast of the Sea of Japan: middle Primorye and Nakhodka Bay. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 38: 255-286. http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/176283/1/fia0385-6_255.pdf
McDaniel N, Swanston D, Haight R, Reid D, Grant G (2003) Biological Observations at Bowie Seamount. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/328294.pdf
Ministry of the Environment ed. (2014) Red Data Book 2014. 6. Molluscs. Gyosei Press Inc.: 455pp. (in Japanese)
Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) (2016). Retrieved from http://www.iobis.org/mapper/
Rudy Jr P, Rudy LH, Shanks A, Butler B (2016) Entodesma navicula. In: Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates (Second Edition). https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/12747/E_navicula.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Sept JD (2009) The Beachcomber's Guide to Seashore Life in the Pacific Northwest. Madeira Park, BC: Harbour Publishing
Sumikawa S (1994) Reproduction. In: Handbook of Malacology Vol. 1. Habe T, Okutani T, Nishiwaki S (eds.), Scientist-sha Inc., Tokyo: 159-176. (in Japanese)
Zhongyan Q (ed) (2004) Seashells of China. China Ocean Press, Beijing: 418pp.
Literature:
Moderate level of information; data from comparable regions or older data (more than 10 years) from the area of interest
Notes:
NA