Isognomon legumen

Overview

Scientific Name: Isognomon legumen

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Bivalvia

Order: Ostreida

Family: Pteriidae

Genus: Isognomon

Species:

legumen [Describe here as A. iricolor]

Native Distribution

Origin Realm:

Temperate Northern Pacific, Central Indo-Pacific, Western Indo-Pacific, Eastern Indo-Pacific

Native Region:

Origin Location:

Eastern Indo-Pacific Hawaiian Islands (Bernard et al. 1991) STATUS NOT STATED Hawaii. (Hayami 2000, Zhongyan ed. 2004) STATUS NOT STATED Hawaii (Scott 2003, cited in Lam et al. 2008) STATUS NOT STATED French Polynesia: Society Islands, Tuamotu Islands, Marquesas Islands, Austral Islands (Tröndlé and Boutet 2009) STATUS NOT STATED Western Indo-Pacific Northern Bay of Safaga, northern Red Sea (Zuschin et al 2001) STATUS NOT STATED Red Sea (Scott 2003, cited in Lam et al. 2008) STATUS NOT STATED Throughout the Red Sea. (Oliver 1992) STATUS NOT STATED Red Sea (Higo et al. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED Central Indo-Pacific Kenting National Park, Taiwan (Lee & Chao 2004) STATUS NOT STATED Anambas Islands, South China Sea (Tan & Kastoro 2004) STATUS NOT STATED northern Beibu Gulf, South China Sea (Yan et al. 2006) STATUS NOT STATED Semakau Island, near Singapore (Tan & Yeo 2010) STATUS NOT STATED Indo-Pacific: from the Philippines to Japan (Scott 2003, cited in Lam et al. 2008) STATUS NOT STATED Queensland, Great Barrier Reef and coastal areas, north Australia to Western Australia. (Lamprell & Healy 1998) STATUS NOT STATED [China] Guandong, Hainan and Guangxi Provinces. (Zhongyan ed. 2004) STATUS NOT STATED [Taiwan] All provinces. (Lai 1988) STATUS NOT STATED West coast of Kyushu to Ryukyu Islands, South China Sea, Hainan, Hong Kong, Philippines (Higo et al. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED Temperate Northern Pacific Kii Peninsula, Japan (Ohgaki 2010) STATUS NOT STATED Indo-Pacific: from the Philippines to Japan (Scott 2003, cited in Lam et al. 2008) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Goza, Mura and Kuki, Mie Prefecture, Kii Peninsula. (Matsumoto 1979) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] North, middle and south coast of Wakayama Prefecture, Kii Paninsula. (Habe 1981) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Off Tajima, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan Sea coast. (Ito 1967) STATUS NOT STATED [China] Fujian (Zhongyan ed. 2004) STATUS NOT STATED [Taiwan] All provinces. (Lai 1988) STATUS NOT STATED Boso Peninsula to Kyushu along the Pacific coast. Off Tajima, Hyogo Prefectutre, to northern Kyushu along the Japan Sea coast. West coast of Kyushu to Ryukyu Islands (Higo et al. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED Uncertain realm Indo-Pacific. (Higo et al. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED

Geographic Range:

from the Philippines to Japan, Hawaii and the Red Sea (Scott 2003, cited in Lam et al. 2008) geographical range: 32.8999977111816 -26.1000003814697,106.200004577637 17.8000011444092 (Ocean Biogeographical Information System 2016)

General Diversity:

NF

Non-native Distribution

Invasion History:

No records of invasion (Global Invasive Species Database 2016)

Non-native Region:

Not applicable

Invasion Propens:

Not applicable

Status Date Non-native:

Not applicable

Vectors and Spread

Initial Vector:

Not applicable

Second Vector:

Not applicable

Vector Details:

Not applicable

Spread Rate:

Not applicable

Date First Observed in Japan:

Not applicable

Date First Observed on West coast North America:

Not applicable

Impacts

Impact in Japan:

Not applicable

Global Impact:

Not applicable

Tolerences

Native Temperature Regime:

Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical

Native Temperature Range:

Hong Kong: max 28.5ºC in summer and min 18.1ºC in winter. (Clark et al. 2003) Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.) RELATED: [Isognomonidae] sub-tropical and tropical (Harper & Morton 1994)

Non-native Temperature Regime:

Not applicable

Non-native Temperature Range:

Not applicable

Native Salinity Regime:

Mesohaline, Polyhaline, Euhaline

Native Salinity Range:

Hong Kong: max 34.0psu in dry period and min 10.0psu in wet period. (Clark et al. 2003)

Non-native Salinity Regime:

Not applicable

Temperature Regime Survival:

Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical, See details

Temperature Range Survival:

Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.) RELATED: [Isognomon spp.] -0.061 - 28.540ºC (OBIS 2016b) [Isognomonidae] sub-tropical and tropical (Harper & Morton 1994)

Temperature Regime Reproduction:

Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical

Temperature Range Reproduction:

Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Salinity Regime Survival:

Polyhaline, Euhaline, see details

Salinity Range Survival:

Polyhaline, euhaline (M. Otani, pers. comm.) RELATED: [Isognomon spp.] 34.438 - 36.500 PPS (OBIS 2016b)

Salintiy Regime Reproduction:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Salinity Range Reproduction:

Polyhaline, Euhaline (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Depth Regime:

Mid intertidal, Lower intertidal, Shallow subtidal, Deep subtidal

Depth Range:

[Kenting National Park, Taiwan] collected intertidally (Lee & Chao 2004) Intertidal to 20m subtidal (Scott 2003, cited in Lam et al. 2008) [northern Bay of Safaga, Northern Red Sea] subtidal; sampled 68 locations, 1 to 40 m (Zuschin et al. 2001) [Pulau Semakau, Singapore] intertidal (Tan & Yeo 2010) [Hong Kong] occupies a wide range of subtidal and intertidal habitats; at Lobster Bay : mid intertidal to subtidal (Harper & Morton 1994) Boso Peninsula, Pacific side, off Tajima, Japan Sea side and southwards: intertidal to 25m (Higo et al. 1999) Boso Peninsula and southwards to tropical Indo-West Pacific and Hawaii: within 20m. (Hayami 2000) [China] Along the southern Chinese coasts: intertidal zone. (Zhongyan ed. 2004) Red Sea: low in intertidal to shallow depth. (Oliver 1992)

Non-native Salinity Range:

Native Abundance:

Common, Abundant

Reproduction

Fertilization Mode:

external

Reproduction Mode:

Gonochoristic/ dioecious

Spawning Type:

None

Development Mode:

Planktotrophic planktonic larva (feeding)

Asexual Reproduction:

Does not reproduce asexually

Reproduction Details:

[Cape d'Aguilar, Hong Kong] characterized by a short life span, quick sexual maturity at 6mm; Juveniles settle and live cryptic lifestyle; incapable of reattachment in a short time period (Harper & Morton 1994) External fertilization; gonochoristic/ dioecious; broadcast spawning; planktotrophic planktonic larva (feeding); does not reproduce asexually (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Adult Mobility:

See details

Adult Mobility Details:

Sedentary (Ohgaki 2010) [northern Bay of Safaga, Northern Red Sea] byssally attached in crevices (Zuschin et al. 2001) [Hong Kong] byssal attachment; if removed, re-attachment is difficult (Harper & Morton 1994) [China] Along the southern Chinese coasts and Taiwan: Found attached to rocks or corals by the byssus. (Lai 1988, Zhongyan ed. 2004) [Australia] Queensland, Great Barrier Reef and littoral coastal areas, north Australia to Western Australia: Attached by bissus to rock or dead coral. (Lamprell & Healy 1998) Facultatively mobile (Species with limited mobility, in particular to repositioning themselves in response to environmental disturbances (e.g., sea anemones)) (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Maturity Size:

[Cape d'Aguilar, Hong Kong] mature individuals were first identified at shell length of 6mm (Harper & Morton 1994)

Maturity Age:

[Cape d'Aguilar, Hong Kong] attains sexual maturity within the first year; gonads are mature from April to November, i.e., at 8 months (Harper & Morton 1994)

Reproduction Lifespan:

[Cape d'Aguilar, Hong Kong] attains sexual maturity within the first year; gonads are mature from April to November, i.e., at 8 months; lives no more than 2 years (Harper & Morton 1994) [Hong Kong] There are two recruitment period from late spring to early autumn and winter. (Morton & Ong Che 1992)

Longevity:

[Cape d'Aguilar, Hong Kong] short-lived; no more than 2 years (Harper & Morton 1994)

Broods per Year:

NF

Reproduction Cues:

[Cape d'Aguilar, Hong Kong] gonads are mature from April to November; recruitment probably occurs near the same time (Harper & Morton 1994) RELATED: [Bivalvia] Among several reproduction cues including wave shock, the change of salinity, lunar age and tidal rhythm, the change of the water temperature is the most important factor. (Orton 1920 and etc., cited in Sumikawa 1994)

Reproduction Time:

[Cape d'Aguilar, Hong Kong] gonads are mature from April to November; recruitment probably occurs near the same time (Harper & Morton 1994) [Hong Kong] There are two recruitment period from late spring to early autumn and winter. (Morton & Ong Che 1992)

Fecundity:

NF

Egg Size:

NF

Egg Duration:

NF

Early Life Growth Rate:

[Cape d'Aguilar, Hong Kong] since characterized by a short life span, quick sexual maturity at 6mm, and annual turnover in population structure, probably has a rapid growth rate (Harper & Morton 1994)

Adult Growth Rate:

Shell length usually to ~20 mm (Lam et al. 2008) small bivalve: shell length 22 mm (Harper & Morton 1994) [Cape d'Aguilar, Hong Kong] probably rapid growth, since characterized by a short life span, quick sexual maturity at 6mm, and annual turnover in population structure (Harper & Morton 1994)

Population Growth Rate:

[Cape d'Aguilar, Hong Kong] characterized by a short life span, quick sexual maturity at 6mm, and annual turnover in population structure (Harper & Morton 1994)

Population Variablity:

[Cape d'Aguilar, Hong Kong] characterized by a short life span, quick sexual maturity at 6mm, and annual turnover in population structure (Harper & Morton 1994)

Habitat

Ecosystem:

Rocky intertidal, Rocky subtidal, Coral reef, Mussel reef, Fouling

Habitat Type:

Epibenthic, Epizoic, Under rock

Substrate:

Rock, Biogenic, Artificial substrate

Exposure:

Exposed, Semi-exposed, Protected

Habitat Expansion:

NF

Habitat Details:

Found in submarine caves in Hong Kong, epibenthic on the cave ceilings and walls; Intertidal to 20m subtidal, attached to the undersides of boulders, in mussel reefs, within coral heads and on pilings (Scott 2003, cited in Lam et al. 2008) [Northern Beibu Gulf, South China Sea] fouling of artificial structures: collected from a fixed oil platform in a marine fouling study  (Yan et al. 2006) [Anambas Islands, South China Sea] found in coral rubble (Lamprell & Healy 1998, cited in Tan & Kastoro 2004) [Northern Bay of Safaga, Northern Red Sea] byssally attached in crevices in dead hard substrata, mostly dead coral colonies (Zuschin et al. 2001) [Pulau Semakau, Singapore] intertidal habitat study: found in man-made rock bund/seawall, and walls around the pier (Tan & Yeo 2010) [Hong Kong] occupies a wide range of subtidal and intertidal habitats; settles and opportunistically colonizes crevices; found in subtidal coral communites; present at Cape d'Aguilar at the sheltered Lobster Bay: I. legumen is common under boulders and on protected surfaces of rocks; on the more exposed intertidal shore side of the Cape, I. legumen is found between the byssal threads of the mytilid Septifer virgatus; attaches to hard substrate, either rock or conspecifics (Harper & Morton 1994) Boso Peninsula, Pacific side, off Tajima, Japan Sea side and southwards: attached to rock and coral. (Higo et al. 1999) Boso Peninsula and southwards to tropical Indo-West Pacific and Hawaii: rocky shore. (Hayami 2000) [China] Along the southern Chinese coasts and Taiwan: Found attached to rocks or corals by the byssus. (Lai 1988, Zhongyan ed. 2004) [Australia] Queensland, Great Barrier Reef and littoral coastal areas, north Australia to Western Australia: Attached by bissus to rock or dead coral. (Lamprell & Healy 1998) Red Sea: Byssally attached in crevices among rock and coral debris. (Oliver 1992) RELATED: [Isognomonidae] Epifaunal (Harper & Morton 1994)

Trophic Level:

Suspension feeder

Trophic Details:

filter-feeder (Ohgaki 2010) [northern Bay of Safaga, Northern Red Sea] Suspension feeder (Zuschin et al. 2001)

Forage Mode:

Non-selective

Forage Details:

Non-selective (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Natural Control:

PREDATION [Predation] [Cape d'Aguilar, Hong Kong] Muricids are significant predators, most mortalities were caused by Morula musiva; they leave boreholes in shell; the cryptic lifestyle of I. legumen, strong byssal attachment and hiding in crevices are ways to avoid predation (Harper & Morton 1994)

Associated Species:

EPIBIONTS [Epibionts][Cape d'Aguilar, Hong Kong] shells usually have epibionts (Harper & Morton 1994) * type not specified

References and Notes

References:

Bernard FR, Mckinnell SM, Jamieson GS (1991) Distribution and zoogeography of the Bivalvia of the eastern Pacific Ocean. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 112: 60 p.  http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/118357.pdf Clarke C, Hillard R, Junqueira AOR, Neto ACL, Polglaze J, Raaymakers S (2003) Ballast water risk assessment, Port of Sepetiba, Fedral Republic of Brazil. GloBallast Monograph Series 14: 1-63 + 7 Appendices. Global Invasive Species Database. http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/search.php Access Date: 17-Mar-16 and 2-May-2016 Habe T (1981) A catalogue of molluscs of Wakayama Prefecture, the Province of Kii. I. Bivalvia, Scpaphoposa and Cephalopoda. The editorial commitiee of " a catalogure of molluscs of Wakayama Prefecture": 301pp. Harper E, Morton B (1994) The biology of Isognomon legumen (Gmelin 1791) (Bivalvia: Pterioida) at Cape d'Aguilar, Hong Kong, with special reference to predation by muricids. In: The Malacofauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, III, pp. 405-425. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. Hayami I (2000) Pectinidae. In: Marine Mollusks in Japan. Okutani T (ed.). Tokaidaigaku Shuppankai, Tokyo: 897-911. (in Japanese and English) Higo S, Callomon P, Goto Y (1999) Catalogue and bibliography of the marine shell-bearing mollusca of Japan. Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Polyplachophora, Scaphopoda. Shell Scientific Publications, Osaka: 748pp. Ito K (1967) A catalogue of the marine molluscan shell-fish collected on the coast and off Tajima, Hyogo Prefecture. Bulletin of the Japan Sea Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory 18: 39-91. (in Japanese with English abstract) Lai KY (1988) Mollusks. Illustrated book for natural observation in Taiwan. Du jia chu ban you xian gong si, Taipei City :199pp. (in Chinese) Lam K, Morton B, Leung KF (2008) Shell‐bearing Mollusca (Bivalvia and Gastropoda) from submarine caves in Hong Kong. Journal of Natural History. 42(9-12):927-52. Lamprell K & Healy J (1998) Bivalves of Australia Vol. 2. Backhuys Pubrishers, Leiden: 288pp. Lee SC, Chao SM (2004) Shallow-water marine shells from Kenting National Park, Taiwan. Collection and Research. 17:33-57. Morton B & Ong Che RB (1992)The community associated with Septifer virgatus on the rocky shores of Hong Kong. Asian Marine Biology 9: 217-233. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=51j1mMiUJJ4C&pg=PA226&lpg=PA226&dq=Isognomon+legumen+spawning&source=bl&ots=InDP7s0Zcr&sig=Nm07e0YXrt-EYu2jv1DVGxG23og&hl=ja&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRycrq7brMAhVJJZQKHTBVBpcQ6AEINzAD#v=onepage&q=Isognomon%20legumen%20spawning&f=false Ocean Biogeographic Information System. Isognomon legumen. http://iobis.org/mapper/.  Access Date: 19-Mar-16 OBIS b. Ocean Biogeographic Information System. http://iobis.org/mapper/ Access date: 23-09-2016 *Note: for genus level data Ohgaki SI (2010) List of shore molluscs along the south-west coast of the Kii Peninsula, 2007–2008. Argonauta. 18:31-49. Oliver PG (1992) Bivalved seashells of the Red Sea. National Museum of Wales, Wales, U. K.: 330pp. Sumikawa S (1994) Reproduction. In: Handbook of Malacology Vol. 1. Habe T, Okutani T, Nishiwaki S (eds.), Scientist-sha Inc., Tokyo: 159-176. (in Japanese) Tan KS, Kastoro WW (2004) A small collection of gastropods and bivalves from the Anambas and Natuna Islands, South China Sea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 11: 47-54 http://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s11/s11rbz047-054.pdf Tan SK, Yeo RK (2010) The intertidal molluscs of Pulau Semakau: preliminary results of ‘Project Semakau’. Nature in Singapore. 3:287-96. http://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/nus/images/data/nature_in_singapore/online_journal/2010/2010nis287-296.pdf Tröndlé J, Boutet M (2009) Inventory of marine molluscs of French Polynesia. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Atoll Research Bulletin. 570. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.568.8052&rep=rep1&type=pdf Yan T, Yan W, Dong Y, Wang H, Yan Y, Liang G (2006) Marine fouling of offshore installations in the northern Beibu Gulf of China. International biodeterioration & biodegradation. 58(2):99-105. Zhongyan Q (ed) (2004) Seashells of China. China Ocean Press, Beijing: 418pp. Zuschin M, Hohenegger J, Steiniger FF (2001) Molluscan assemblages on coral reefs and associated hard substrata in the northern Red Sea. Coral Reefs 20: 107-116. http://homepage.univie.ac.at/martin.zuschin/PDF/14_Zuschin_et_al._2001.pdf

Literature:

Moderate level of information; data from comparable regions or older data (more than 10 years) from the area of interest

Notes:

NA