Limaria hakodatensis

Overview

Scientific Name: Limaria hakodatensis

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Bivalvia

Order: Limida

Family: Limidae

Genus: Limaria

Species:

hakodatensis (synonymized with Lima hakodatensis) [Describe here as A. iricolor]

Native Distribution

Origin Realm:

Temperate Northern Pacific

Native Region:

Origin Location:

Temperate Northern Pacific Ariake Sound, Kyushu Island, southern Japan (Yokoyama 2009) STATUS NOT STATED South Sea, Korea (Lee et al. 2008) STATUS NOT STATED Yeongil Bay, Korea (Lutaenko et al. 2006) STATUS NOT STATED Jiaozhou Bay, South Shandong Peninsula, Yellow Sea (Yu et al. 2006) STATUS NOT STATED Nansei Islands, Southwestern Japan (Okutani 2005) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Southern Hokkaido to Kyushu. (Hayami 2000) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Cosat of Ibaragi Prefecture. (Inoue et al. 2010) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Oki Island. (Anonymous 2011) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Seto Inland Sea. (Inaba 1982) STATUS NOT STATED [Korea] Daedongbae (empty shell). (Lutaenko et al. 2003) STATUS NOT STATED [China] Huanghai Sea (Yellow Sea) and East China Sea. (Zhongyan ed. 2004) STATUS NOT STATED [As Limaria orientalis (Synonymized taxon)] [Japan] Southern Hokkaido to Kyushu along the Pacific coast. Oga Peninsula to northern Kyushu along the Japan Sea coast. West coast of Kyushu. (Higo et al. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED [As Limaria orientalis (Synonymized taxon)] [Japan] Usujiri, near Hakodate City, Hokkaido. (Fukui & Kashio 2012) STATUS NOT STATED [As Limaria orientalis (Synonymized taxon)] [Japan] Middle to south coast of Wakayama Prefecture. (Habe 1981) STATUS NOT STATED [As Limaria orientalis (Synonymized taxon)] [Korea] Uido Island, Korea, Yellow Sea. (Chen et al. 2006) STATUS NOT STATED [As Promantellum basilanicum hakodatensis (Synonymized taxon)] [Japan] Off Asamushi and Noheji, Mutsu Bay. (Yamamoto & Habe 1958) STATUS NOT STATED Central Indo-Pacific [As Limaria orientalis (Synonymized taxon)] Philippines (Higo et al. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED Uncertain realm [As Limaria orientalis (Synonymized taxon)] China, Philippine, and western Pacific. (Higo et al. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED

Geographic Range:

26°14.75N, 127°31.90E : Nansei Islands, Southwestern Japan (Okutani 2005) [Japan] 31ºN-42ºN at both Pacific side and Japan Sea Side. (Inaba 1982)

General Diversity:

NF

Non-native Distribution

Invasion History:

No records of invasion (Global Invasive Species Database 2016)

Non-native Region:

Not applicable

Invasion Propens:

Not applicable

Status Date Non-native:

Not applicable

Vectors and Spread

Initial Vector:

Not applicable

Second Vector:

Not applicable

Vector Details:

Not applicable

Spread Rate:

Not applicable

Date First Observed in Japan:

Not applicable

Date First Observed on West coast North America:

Not applicable

Impacts

Impact in Japan:

Not applicable

Global Impact:

Not applicable

Tolerences

Native Temperature Regime:

Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical

Native Temperature Range:

subtropical (Luatenko et al. 2006) Judging from the Fig. 1-2 in Fukui & Kashio (2012), the water temperature varies from 1ºC in February to 22ºC in August at Usujiri, Hokkaido. Mutsu Bay: minimum temperature varied between 4.28ºC and 7.88ºC in March or April and maximum varied between 23.37ºC and 24.31ºC in August by station. (Kudo et al. 1999) Mild temperate, Warm temperate (M. Otani, pers. comm.) [As L. orientalis (Synonymized taxon)] Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Non-native Temperature Regime:

Not applicable

Non-native Temperature Range:

Not applicable

Native Salinity Regime:

Euhaline

Native Salinity Range:

Mutsu Bay: Salinity varied from 31.5 to 34.0psu at surface and from 33.0 to 34.5 at near bottom annually. (Ohtani & Terao 1973)

Non-native Salinity Regime:

Not applicable

Temperature Regime Survival:

Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical

Temperature Range Survival:

Subtropical (Luatenko et al. 2006) Mild temperate, warm temperate (M. Otani, pers. comm.) [As L. orientalis (Synonymized taxon)] Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Temperature Regime Reproduction:

Mild temperate, Warm temperate

Temperature Range Reproduction:

Mild temperate, warm temperate (M. Otani, pers. comm.) [As L. orientalis (Synonymized taxon)] Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.) RELATED: [Lima basilanica (Synonymized taxon of Limaria basilanica related species of L. hakodatensis) L. b. develops into D-larvae of about 71 μm shell height in about 24 hours after fertilization at water temperature of 22.5ºC and at specific gravity of 1.02410. (Miyazaki 1935)

Salinity Regime Survival:

Euhaline

Salinity Range Survival:

Euhaline (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Salintiy Regime Reproduction:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Salinity Range Reproduction:

RELATED: [Lima basilanica (Synonymized taxon of Limaria basilanica related species of L. hakodatensis) L. b. develops into D-larvae of about 71 μm shell height in about 24 hours after fertilization at water temperature of 22.5ºC and at specific gravity of 1.02410 (37.2psu after conversion by EOS). (Miyazaki 1935)

Depth Regime:

Lower intertidal, Shallow subtidal, Deep subtidal

Depth Range:

[Ariake Sound, Kyushu Island, southern Japan] Collected subtidally, at a depth of 10m (Yokoyama 2009) [Nansei Islands, Southwestern Japan] Collected at 51-53 m depth (Okutani 2005) Seto Inland Sea: from 0 to 20-30m (Inaba 1982) Chinese coast: from the low-tide to about 40m. (Zhongyan ed. 2004) [As L. orientalis (Synonymized taxon)] Japan and adjacent waters: 5-120m. (Higo et al. 1999) [As Promantellum basilanicum hakodatensis (Synonymized taxon)] P. b. h. lives under the pebbles in the lower tide mark. (Yamamoto & Habe 1958)

Non-native Salinity Range:

Native Abundance:

Abundant, Common

Reproduction

Fertilization Mode:

external

Reproduction Mode:

Gonochoristic/ dioecious

Spawning Type:

None

Development Mode:

Planktonic larva (type unspecified)

Asexual Reproduction:

Does not reproduce asexually

Reproduction Details:

Broadcast spawning; external fertilization; planktonic larva (type unspecified); does not reproduce asexually (M. Otani, pers. comm.) RELATED: [Lima basilanica (Synonymized taxon of Limaria basilanica related species of L. hakodatensis) Diecious with orange red gonad in female and that of creamy white in male. (Miyazaki 1935) [Bivalvia] without copulatory organs, only suited for external insemination; release gametes into water, where fertilization occurs; gamete structure designed for necessity of water movement: spermatozoa have long tail; well developed mitochondria; acrosomes designed to destroy egg membranes (Drozdov 2009)

Adult Mobility:

Facultatively mobile (Species with limited mobility, in particular to repositioning themselves in response to environmental disturbances (e.g., sea anemones))

Adult Mobility Details:

[As Promantellum basilanicum hakodatensis (Synonymized taxon)] P. b. h. can swim freely by the action of valves. (Yamamoto & Habe 1958)

Maturity Size:

NF

Maturity Age:

NF

Reproduction Lifespan:

RELATED: [Lima basilanica (Synonymized taxon of Limaria basilanica related species of L. hakodatensis) Spawning season is approximately from late April to late October (Miyazaki 1935)

Longevity:

NF

Broods per Year:

NF

Reproduction Cues:

RELATED: [Bivalvia] Among several reproduction cues including wave shock, the change of salinity, lunar age and tidal rhythm, the change of the water temperature is the most important factor. (Orton 1920 and etc., cited in Sumikawa 1994)

Reproduction Time:

RELATED: [Lima basilanica (Synonymized taxon of Limaria basilanica related species of L. hakodatensis) Spawning season is approximately from late April to late October (Miyazaki 1935)

Fecundity:

NF

Egg Size:

NF

Egg Duration:

NF

Early Life Growth Rate:

RELATED: [Lima basilanica (Synonymized taxon of Limaria basilanica related species of L. hakodatensis) L. b. develops into D-larvae of about 71 μm shell height in about 24 hours after fertilization at water temperature of 22.5ºC and at specific gravity of 1.02410. (Miyazaki 1935)

Adult Growth Rate:

[Nansei Islands, Southwestern Japan] specimen was 9.3 mm (Okutani 2005)

Population Growth Rate:

NF

Population Variablity:

NF

Habitat

Ecosystem:

Tide flats, Sediment subtidal, Other

Habitat Type:

Epibenthic

Substrate:

Mud, Sand, Gravel, Other

Exposure:

Semi-Exposed, Protected

Habitat Expansion:

NF

Habitat Details:

[Jiaozhou Bay, South Shandong Peninsula, Yellow Sea] macrobenthic (Yu et al. 2006) [Ariake Sound, Kyushu Island, southern Japan] collected from a subtidal sandy, mud bottom at a depth of 10m; in Ariake Sound: a semi-enclosed estuarine bay with tidal ranges from 3m to 6m (Yokoyama 2009) Seto Inland Sea: sand and mud bottom. (Inaba 1982) Chinese coast: found on muddy sand bottom. (Zhongyan ed. 2004) [As L. orientalis (Synonymized taxon)] Japan and its adjacent seas: found at fine sand bottom. (Higo et al. 1999) [As Promantellum basilanicum hakodatensis (Synonymized taxon)] Mutsu Bay: lives under the pebbles in the lower tide mark. (Yamamoto & Habe 1958)

Trophic Level:

Suspension feeder

Trophic Details:

[Ariake Sound, Japan] Suspension feeder (Yokoyama 2009)

Forage Mode:

See details

Forage Details:

[Ariake Sound, Kyushu Island, southern Japan] suspension feeding; isotope analysis found that L. hakodatensis relies equally on benthic microalgae and coastal phytoplankton as a food source (Yokoyama 2009)

Natural Control:

NF

Associated Species:

NF

References and Notes

References:

Anonymous (2011) Fauna of the Sea around the Oki Marine Biological Station. Education and Research Center for Biological Resources, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University: 1-32pp. (in Japanese) BIOTIC 2015: Biological Traits Information Catalogue of The Marine Life Information Network for Britain & Ireland. http://www.marlin.ac.uk/biotic/biotic.php. Access Date: 21-Jan-2016 Chen S, Wang Q, Peng Y, Liu J, Wang Z, Li R (2006) Biodiversity data and information collection of YSLME. Final report. YSLME PMO and RWGB: 1-81pp. +Appendices. Drozdov AL, Sharina SN, Tyurin SA (2009) Sperm ultrastructure in representatives of six bivalve families from Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan. Russian Journal of Marine Biology. 35(3): 236-241 Fukui S & Kashio S (2012) Molluscan fauna of Usujiri Marine Station, Hokkaido, Second edition. Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University: 74pp Global Invasive Species Database. http://www.issg.org/database/species/search.asp?sts=tss&st=tss&fr=1&x=36&y=9&li=5&tn=limidae&lang=EN Access Date: 21-Jan-16 and 25-April-2016. Habe T (1981) A catalogue of molluscs of Wakayama Prefecture, the Province of Kii. I. Bivalvia, Scpaphoposa and Cephalopoda. The editorial commitiee of " a catalogure of molluscs of Wakayama Prefecture": 301pp. Hayami I (2000) Limidae. In: Marine Mollusks in Japan. Okutani T (ed.). Tokaidaigaku Shuppankai, Tokyo: 891-897. (in Japanese and English) Higo S, Callomon P, Goto Y (1999) Catalogue and bibliography of the marine shell-bearing mollusca of Japan. Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Polyplachophora, Scaphopoda. Shell Scientific Publications, Osaka: 748pp. Inaba A (1982) Molluscan fauna of the Inland Sea, Japan. Hiroshima shell club, Hiroshima: 181pp. (in Japanese) Inoue H, Kamogawa M, Takashio O, Higano H, Namikawa H, Tanaka H, Saito S, Ikezawa H, Morino H (2010) Fauna of marine invertebrates from the headland on the Kashimanada Coast and the middle coast of Ibaraki Prefecture. Report of comprehensive surveys of plants, animals and geology in Ibaraki Prefecture by the Ibaraki Nature Museum. Ibaraki Nature Museum: 1-35pp. (in Japanese) Lee YG, Choi JM, Oertel GF (2008) Postglacial sea-level change of the Korean southern sea shelf. Journal of Coastal Research. 24(4C):118-32. Lutaenko KA, Je JG, Shin SH (2003) Bivalve mollusks in Yeongil Bay, Korea, 1. Introductory part and annotated list of species. Ocean and Polar Research 25: 155-182. Lutaenko KA, Je JG, Shin SH (2006) Bivalve Mollusks in Yeongil Bay, Korea. 2. Faunal Analysis. The Korean Journal of Malacology. 22(1):63-86. http://ocean.kisti.re.kr/downfile/volume/tmsk/GPRHB@/2006/v22n1s35/GPRHB@_2006_v22n1s35_63.pdf Miyazaki I (1935) On the development of some bivalves in Japanese waters. Identification for floating larvae. Journal of the College of the Fisheries 31: 1-50. (in Japanese) Ohtani K & Terao T (1973) Oceanographic Structure of the Mutu Bay. Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries Hokkaido University 24: 100-131. (in Japanese with English abstract) http://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/23496/1/24(3)_P100-131.pdf Okutani T (2005) Insular Shelf, Slope, and Bathyal Bivalve and Scaphopod Fauna around the Nansei Islands, Southwestern Japan. Deep-Sea Fauna and Pollutants in Nansei Islands: 115-135 Sumikawa S (1994) Reproduction. In: Handbook of Malacology Vol. 1. Habe T, Okutani T, Nishiwaki S (eds.), Scientist-sha Inc., Tokyo: 159-176. (in Japanese) Yamamoto G & Habe T (1958) Fauna of shell-bearing mollusks in Mutsu Bay. Lamellibranchia (1). Bulletin of the Marine Biological Station of Asamushi 9: 1-20. Yokoyama H, Sakami T, Ishihi Y (2009) Food sources of benthic animals on intertidal and subtidal bottoms in inner Ariake Sound, southern Japan, determined by stable isotopes. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 82(2):243-53 Yu H, Li X, Li B, Wang J, Wang H (2006) The biodiversity of macrobenthos from Jiaozhou Bay. Acta Ecologica Sinica. 26(2):416-22. Zhongyan Q (ed) (2004) Seashells of China. China Ocean Press, Beijing: 418pp.

Literature:

Limited information; expert opinion based on observational information or circumstantial evidence

Notes:

NA