Temnotrema sculptum

Overview

Scientific Name: Temnotrema sculptum

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Echinoidea

Order: Camarodonta

Family: Temnopleuridae

Genus: Temnotrema

Species:

sculptum [Describe here as A. iricolor]

Native Distribution

Origin Realm:

Temperate Northern Pacific

Native Region:

Origin Location:

Temperate Northern Pacific Japan (Cooke 1954) *Noted as a "Japanese species" Japan (Utinomi 1954) *Known only from Japanese waters [Japan] T.s. is stated as a Japanese species. Its range is from northern Japan (Mutsu Bay at the north) to the Formosan Channel in the south, but does not occur south of Formosa. (Nisiyama 1966) STATED Kagosima Bay, Japan (Nisiyama 1936) *Noted as genohaplotype Kobe, Japan (Nisiyama 1936) STATUS NOT STATED Japan (Jeffery et al. 2003) STATUS NOT STATED South China Sea (Lane et al. 2000) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Sagami Bay, central Honshu of the Pacific side. (Shigei 1986) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Abugashima Island, Himi City, Toyama Bay, central Honshu of the Japan Sea side. (Fujita et al. 2003) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Osaka Bay, central Honshu of the Pacific side. (Association for the Research of Littoral Organisims in Osaka Bay (1993, 2007) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Kada, Wakayama City. (Uchitomi 1954) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Seto Inland Sea. (Inaba 1988) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Seto, Shirahama Town, Wakayama Prefecture. (Utinomi 1954) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Kashima Town, Shimane Prefecture. (Semura & Izawa 1986) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Hachijo Island, Tokyo. (Tokyo Metropolitan Fisheries Experimental Station, Hachijo Branch 1978) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Shigei (1974) also stated T. s. is an endemic species in Japan. (Shigei 1974)

Geographic Range:

120.199996948242 26.5,128.600006103516 36.1000022888184 (OBIS 2016) Mutsu Bay, Japan - South Kyushu, Japan (1544 km; Emlet 1995) Formosa Channel to Mutu Bay, Japan (Utinomi 1954) [Japan] [Sagami Bay] Uraga Channel: 35º 09.5'N, 139º 42.6'E. (Shigei 1986) 22º N - 41º N at the Pacific side. (Inaba 1988)

General Diversity:

NF

Non-native Distribution

Invasion History:

No records of invasion (Global Invasive Species Database 2015)

Non-native Region:

Not applicable

Invasion Propens:

Not applicable

Status Date Non-native:

Not applicable

Vectors and Spread

Initial Vector:

Not applicable

Second Vector:

Not applicable

Vector Details:

Not applicable

Spread Rate:

Not applicable

Date First Observed in Japan:

Not applicable

Date First Observed on West coast North America:

Not applicable

Impacts

Impact in Japan:

Not applicable

Global Impact:

Not applicable

Tolerences

Native Temperature Regime:

Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical

Native Temperature Range:

Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Non-native Temperature Regime:

Not applicable

Non-native Temperature Range:

Not applicable

Native Salinity Regime:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Native Salinity Range:

Polyhaline, Euhaline (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Non-native Salinity Regime:

Not applicable

Temperature Regime Survival:

Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, See details

Temperature Range Survival:

13.159 - 23.980 ºC (OBIS 2016) Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Temperature Regime Reproduction:

Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical

Temperature Range Reproduction:

26 days from fertiliztion to metamorphasis at 20 ºC (Emlet 1995) Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Salinity Regime Survival:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Salinity Range Survival:

34.513 - 34.673 (OBIS 2016) Polyhaline, Euhaline (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Salintiy Regime Reproduction:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Salinity Range Reproduction:

Polyhaline, Euhaline (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Depth Regime:

Lower intertidal, Shallow subtidal, Deep subtidal, Bathyal, See details

Depth Range:

Sampled from 55 - 184 m (OBIS 2016) 8 - 50 fathoms (~14 - 91 m) (Nisiyama 1936) 5 - 500 m depth (Emlet 1995) 0 - c.500 m depth (Utinomi 1954; Lane et al. 2000) Sagami Bay: 10 - 144 m. (Shigei 1986) Osaka Bay: Intertidal zone. (Association for the Research of Littoral Organisims in Osaka Bay 1993, 2007) Seto Inland Sea: 20 - 120 m. (Inaba 1988) On the seeding collector made of polyvinyl chloride for Pseudocentrotus depressus set off the coast of Kashima Town, Shimane Prefecture: 0 - 30 m. (Semura & Izawa 1986) RELATED: [Sea Urchins] Lowest intertidal; subtidal (Denny & Gaines 2007)

Non-native Salinity Range:

Native Abundance:

Common

Reproduction

Fertilization Mode:

external

Reproduction Mode:

Gonochoristic/ dioecious

Spawning Type:

None

Development Mode:

Planktotrophic planktonic larva (feeding)

Asexual Reproduction:

Does not reproduce asexually

Reproduction Details:

Planktotrophic (feeding) larvae (Emlet 1995; Jeffery et al. 2003) Does not reproduce asexually (M. Otani, pers. comm.) RELATED: [Class Echinoidea (specifically regular sea urchin)] Sperm are usually released into the sea; some species brood their young and others also release eggs into the sea (Kozloff 1990) [Sea Urchins] Separate sexes; five-lobed gonads; external fertilization; planktonic larvae; larval stage may last a few days or several months (Denny & Gaines 2007)

Adult Mobility:

Actively mobile (Mobility is a normal part of at least part of the adult life cycle - at least in spurts. Not dependent upon distance traveled)

Adult Mobility Details:

RELATED: [Class Echinoidea (specifically regular sea urchin)] Spines and tube feet are used for locomotion (Kozloff 1990) [Class Echinoidea] Mobile speed is slow with several centimeter per minute. (Shigei 1974)

Maturity Size:

NF

Maturity Age:

RELATED: [Sea Urchins] May take longer than one year (Denny & Gaines 2007)

Reproduction Lifespan:

NF

Longevity:

RELATED: [Sea Urchins] Vary by species; range from a few years to many decades (Denny & Gaines 2007)

Broods per Year:

NF

Reproduction Cues:

NF

Reproduction Time:

NF

Fecundity:

NF

Egg Size:

97 µm (Emlet 1995)

Egg Duration:

NF

Early Life Growth Rate:

26 days from fertiliztion to metamorphasis (at 20 ºC) (Emlet 1995)

Adult Growth Rate:

NF

Population Growth Rate:

NF

Population Variablity:

NF

Habitat

Ecosystem:

Sediment subtidal, Rocky intertidal, Rocky subtidal, Macroalgal beds, Fouling, See details

Habitat Type:

Epibenthic, Epiphytic, Under rock, See details

Substrate:

Sand, Gravel, Rock, Biogenic, Artificial substrate, See details

Exposure:

Exposed, Semi-exposed, See details

Habitat Expansion:

NF

Habitat Details:

Under the stone or among algae on the rock. (Tokyo Metropolitan Fisheries Experimental Station, Hachijo Branch 1978) Found on the algae, gravel or sandy bottom in Seto Inland Sea. (Inaba 1988) Rocky shore in Osaka Bay. (Association for the Research of Littoral Organisims in Osaka Bay 1993, 2007) On the seeding collector made of polyvinyl chloride for Pseudocentrotus depressus set off the coast of Kashima Town, Shimane Prefecture. (Semura & Izawa 1986) RELATED: [Sea Urchins] Wave-swept rocky environments; tidepools (Denny & Gaines 2007)

Trophic Level:

Herbivore

Trophic Details:

T. s. is described as one of the herbivore species among macro-invertebrate found in the sargassum forests in the vicinity of Abugashima Island. (Fujita et al. 2003) RELATED: [Class Echinoidea (specifically regular sea urchin)] Most sea urchins consume mainly algae, but some species opportunistically eat animal material (Kozloff 1990)

Forage Mode:

Generalist

Forage Details:

RELATED: [Class Echinoidea (specifically regular sea urchin)] Most sea urchins consume mainly algae, but some species opportunistically eat animal material (Kozloff 1990)

Natural Control:

PARASITES [Parasites] [Off Okino-shima, Kyushu] Parasitic gastropod, Mucronalia sp., found on T.s. (Habe 1952) [Parasites] A Mucronalia-like gastropod has been found (Mortensen 1943, cited in Utinomi 1954)

Associated Species:

PARASITES [Parasites] [Off Okino-shima, Kyushu] Parasitic gastropod, Mucronalia sp., found on T.s. (Habe 1952) [Parasites] A Mucronalia-like gastropod has been found (Mortensen 1943, cited in Utinomi 1954)

References and Notes

References:

Association for the Research of Littoral Organisms in Osaka Bay (1993) Rocky shore macrobiota of southeastern Osaka Bay: Results of surveys carried out in the years 1986 - 1990. Shizenshi-Kenkyu 2: 129-141. (in Japanese with English abstract) Association for the Research of Littoral Organisms in Osaka Bay (2007) Rocky shore macrobiota of southeastern Osaka Bay: Results of surveys carried out in the years 2001-2005. Shizenshi-Kenkyu 3: 93-106. (in Japanese with English abstract) Cooke CW (1954) Pliocene echinoids from Okinawa. Geological Survey Professional Paper 264-C. pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0264c/report.pdf Denny MW & Gaines SD (2007) Encyclopedia of Tidepools and Rocky Shores. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press Emlet RB (1995) Developmental Mode and Species Geographic Range in Regular Sea Urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Evolution 49(3): 476-489. www.jstor.org/stable/2410272?seq=1 Fujita D et al. (2003) Vertical distribution, productive structure and epifauna of Sargassum forests in the vicinity of Abugashima Island, Himi, Toyama Bay. Bulletin of the Toyama Prefectural Research Institute 14: 43-60. (in Japanese with English abstract) http://taffrc.pref.toyama.jp/nsgc/suisan/webfile/t1_1ebbc2332fa2af8ae656b84f02387d35.pdf Global Invasive Species Database. http://www.issg.org/database/species/search.asp?sts=sss&st=sss&fr=1&x=22&y=13&sn=Temnotrema+sculptum&rn=&hci=-1&ei=-1&lang=EN Access date: 02-11-2015 Habe T (1952) Parasitic gastropods found in echinoderms from Japan. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 2(2): 73-85. repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/174685 Inaba A (1988) Fauna and flora of the Seto Inland Sea. Second edition II. Mukaishima Marine Biological Station of Hiroshima University : 1-475. (in Japanese) Jeffery CH, Emlet RB, Littlewood DTJ (2003) Phylogeny and evolution of developmental mode in temnopleurid echinoids. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 28(1): 99-118. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790303000307 Kozloff EN (1990) Invertebrates. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders College Publishing Lane DJW, Marsh LM, VandenSpiegel D, Rowe FWE (2000) Echinoderm fauna of the South China Sea: An inventory and analysis of distribution patterns. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology supplement 8: 459-493. lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s8/s08rbz459-493.pdf?pagewanted=all Matsuoka K (2011) Echinoderm fauna in Japan Sea and Mutsu Bay of Aomori Prefecture. Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University 13: 29-32. (in Japanese) http://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010811417.pdf Nisiyama S (1936) On the Occurrence of Temnotrema rubrum in the Pleistocene of Turumi, Kwantô Region. Transactions and proceedings of the Paleontological Society of Japan. New series 2:8-14. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/prpsj1935/1936/2/1936_2_8/_pdf Nisiyama S (1965) The echinoid fauna from Japan and adjacent regions. Bull. Shimane Univ. (Natural Scie.) 15: 65-88. www.lib.shimane-u.ac.jp/kiyo/b012/015/b008.pdf Nisiyama S (1966) The echinoid fauna from Japan and adjacent regions. Part I. Palaeontological Society of Japan, Special Papers 11: 1-277. Nojima T (2001) Food habit of starfish. In starfish and other echinoderms, Motokawa T (ed.). Tokai University Press, Tokyo: 25-45. (in Japanese) OBIS. Ocean Biogeographic Information System. http://iobis.org/mapper/ Access date: 07-01-2016 Sato et al. (1994) On the distribution of macrobenthos off the coast Yokohama Town, Aomori Prefecture. Annual Report of Aquaculture Center Aomori Prefecture 23: 215-220. (in Japanese) http://jsnfri.fra.affrc.go.jp/pref/aomori/zoshoku/jigyo/23/215-220.pdf Semura H & Izawa M (1986) On the natural seeding collection of Aka-Uni (Pseudocent rotus depressus (A, Agossiz)). Report of Shimane Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station 4: 62-66. (in Japanese). http://www.pref.shimane.lg.jp/industry/suisan/shinkou/suigi/publish/kenkyuhou/kenkyu04/index.data/kenkyuhou_04.pdf Shigei (1974) Echinoidea. In: Animal systematics. Uchida T (ed.) Nakayama-shoten Co. Ltd., Tokyo: 82-141. (in Japanese) Shigei M (1986) The sea urchins of Sagami Bay. Biological Laboratory, Imperial Houshold (ed). Maruzen Co. Ltd., Tokyo: 1-204 (English part). Soliman FE et al. (1986) Daily activity patterns and their seasonal change in the sea star, Asterina minor Hayashi (Asteroidea: Asterinidae). Publications from the Amakusa Marine Biological Laboratory, Kyushu University 8: 143-171. Suzuki S (1979) Catalogue of marine invertebrate animals in Yamagata Prefecture. Tamakibi-kai: 1-370. (in Japanese) Takahashi N (1979) Breeding season of the starfish, Asterina pectinifera, at RishuriI sland in Hokkaido. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 45: 945-950. (in Japanese with English abstract) https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/suisan1932/45/8/45_8_945/_pdf Tanase et al. (2007) Provability of population recovery of the bat star, Asterina pectinifera (Valvatida, Asterinidei), in Shirahama, Wakayama, Japan. Nanki-seibutsu 49: 181-182. (in Japanese) Tokyo Metropolitan Fisheries Experimental Station, Hachijo Branch (1978) The report of the fundamental research for the mariculture of Haliotis diversicolor diversicolor in Hachijo Island. II. Tokyo Metropolitan Fisheries Experimental Station: 1-101. (in Japanese) http://ifarc.metro.tokyo.jp/resources/content/12707/133.pdf Tsuchiya M & Osanai K (1978) Experimental marine organisms collected o the neighborhood of the Asamushi Marine Biological Station. Bulletin of the Marine Biological Station of Asamushi 16: 29-58. Uchida T & Hayshi R (1974) Asteroidea. In: Animal systematics. Uchida T (ed.) Nakayama-shoten Co. Ltd., Tokyo: 82-141. (in Japanese) Utinomi H (1954) A check list of echinoids found in the Kii region. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 3(3): 339-358. repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/174487 Yokohama Institute of Environmental Science (2014) Organisms in the river and the sea of Yokohama. No. 13 Coastal Part. Yokohama City: 1- 266. (in Japanese) http://www.city.yokohama.lg.jp/kankyo/mamoru/kenkyu/shiryo/pub/d0017/pdf/d001701.pdf

Literature:

Little or no information; expert opinion based on general knowledge

Notes:

NA