Taxonomic GroupNameYearInvasion StatusPopulation StatusVectors
BryozoansAmathia distans1889DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
BryozoansAmathia verticillata1977DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-BarnaclesAmphibalanus amphitriteNoneDefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
AlgaeAntithamnionella spirographidis*1950DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
TunicatesAscidiella aspersa1952DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
EntoproctsBarentsia benedeni1997DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
TunicatesBotryllus schlosseri1955DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
BryozoansBowerbankia gracilisNoneDefiniteEstablishedNone
BryozoansBugula neritina1975DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
BryozoansBugulina flabellata1977DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
BryozoansBugulina simplex1983DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
BryozoansBugulina stolonifera1977DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-CrabsCarcinus maenas1976DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Natural Dispersal
AlgaeCaulerpa taxifolia (invasive genotype)2002DefiniteEstablishedNone
TunicatesCiona robusta1952DefiniteEstablishedNone
AlgaeCodium fragile ssp. Fragile2002DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Hull Fouling
Cnidarians-HydrozoansCordylophora caspia2006DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
BryozoansCryptosula pallasiana1977DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
AlgaeElachista nigra1976DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-IsopodsEurylana arcuata1981DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Dry Ballast, Hull Fouling
Cnidarians-AnthozoansExaiptasia pallidaNoneDefiniteEstablishedNone
AlgaeLeptosiphonia brodiei*1973DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-AmphipodsMonocorophium acherusicum2001DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Mollusks-GastropodsMyosotella myosotis1877DefiniteEstablishedCargo, Dry Ballast
Crustaceans-IsopodsParacerceis sculpta2000DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Mollusks-GastropodsPolycera hedgpethi1998DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Annelids-PolychaetesPolydora cornuta1979DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Annelids-PolychaetesPolydora hoplura1971DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Annelids-PolychaetesPseudopolydora paucibranchiata1997DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Oyster Accidental
BryozoansSchizoporella unicornis1975DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
AlgaeStictyosiphon soriferus*1975DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
AlgaeStriaria attenuata*1978DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
TunicatesStyela plicata1952DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Mollusks-BivalvesTeredo navalis1931DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Mollusks-GastropodsThecacera pennigera2005DefiniteEstablishedNone
BryozoansWatersipora arcuata1953DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
BryozoansWatersipora subtorquata1977DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
* = Species summary still under review.