Invasion
Invasion Description
1st record: Monterey/CA/Monterey Harbor (Robertson 1905, cited by Carlton 1979)
Geographic Extent
CA/Morro Bay (Fairey et al. 2002); Needles 2007; Needles and Wendt 2012; 2011, California Department of Fish and Wildlife 2014); CA/Monterey Harbor (Robertson 1905, cited by Carlton 1979; Haderlie 1978; Fairey 2002; 2011, California Department of Fish and Wildlife 2014); Monterey Marina/CA/Monterey Harbor (2003, de Rivera et al. 2005); Santa Cruz/CA/Santa Cruz Harbor, Monterey Bay (2003, de Rivera et al. 2005); Highway 1 Bridge, Moss Landing/CA/Elkhorn Slough (1998, Wasson et al. 2001; 2011, California Department of Fish and Wildlife 2014); South Marsh Trail/CA/Elkhorn Slough (1998, Wasson et al. 2001; 2003, de Rivera et al. 2005); Kirby Park/CA/Elkhorn Slough (1998, Wasson et al. 2001, de Rivera et al. 2005); Azevedo Pond/CA/Elkhorn Slough (de Rivera et al. 2005); Moss Landing/CA/Elkhorn Slough (2003, de Rivera et al. 2005); North Marsh/CA/Elkhorn Slough (de Rivera et al. 2005); Whistlestop Lagoon/CA (2003, de Rivera et al. 2005); Natural Bridges State Beach, Santa Cruz/CA/Monterey Bay (1997, Wasson et al. 2005); Almar Avenue, Santa Cruz/CA/Monterey Bay (1997, Wasson et al. 2005); Point Santa Cruz, east side/CA/Monterey Bay (1997, Wasson et al. 2005); CA/Half Moon Bay (1997, Cohen 2005); CA/San Francisco Bay (1983, Kozloff 1983, cited by Cohen and Carlton 1995); Sierra Point Marina/CA/South San Francisco Bay (2004, Cohen et al. 2005); Coast Guard Island, Oakland/CA/Oakland estuary (2004, Cohen et al. 2005); Richmond Marina/CA/San Francisco Bay (2004, Cohen et al. 2005); Coyote Point Marina/CA/South San Francisco Bay (2004, Cohen et al. 2005); San Francisco Bay Marina/CA/San Francisco Bay (2010, Marrafinie et al. 2017); San Leandro Marina/CA/San Francisco Bay (2010, Marrafinie et al. 2017; )CA/Tomales Bay (2001, Fairey et al. 2002; 2011, California Department of Fish and Wildlife 2014); Marshall/CA/Tomales Bay (2004, de Rivera et al. 2005); Shell Beach/CA/Tomales Bay (2004, de Rivera et al. 2005); Thomas Station/CA/Tomales Bay (2004, deRivera et al. 2005); Spud Point Marina/CA/Bodega Bay (1999, Davidson and Haygood 1999); CA/Bodega Bay (2001, Fairey et al. 2002; 2011, California Department of Fish and Wildlife 2014; 2011, California Department of Fish and Wildlife 2014); Mason's Marina/CA/Bodega Bay (2004, de Rivera et al. 2005); Porto Bodega Marina/CA/Bodega Bay (2004, de Rivera et al. 2005); 'central California/CA/Pacific Ocean (Fehlauer-Ale et al. 2014, Haplotypes S and N)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Alternate | Hull Fouling |
| Probable | Oyster Accidental |
Regional Impacts
| Ecological Impact | Competition | |
| Bugula neritina was one of several invasive fouling species which showed increased growth (zooid number) at temperatures 3.5 and 4.5⁰C above the ambient temperature in Bodega Harbor (13.5⁰C), while the native colonial tunicate Distaplia occidentalis showed reduced survival (Sorte et al. 2010). Bugula neritina was one of a group of seven non-native species in Bodega Harbor, most of which were rare or absent in 1970-1971, but were among the eight most abundant species in 2006. Spawning periods and abundance of species in this group appeared to be favored by a 1⁰C increase in average temperatures at this site over a 30-year period (Sorte and Stachowicz 2011). | ||