Invasion
Invasion Description
None
Geographic Extent
Bahia/Brazil/Atlantic Ocean (de Almeida et al. 2015; Miranda et al. 2018); Praia do Coqueiro, Espiritu Santo/Brazil/Atlantic Ocean (de Sa et al. 2007, on culltured mussels, Perna perna)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Probable | Hull Fouling |
Regional Impacts
| Economic Impact | Fisheries | |
| Bugula neritina, together with the algae Ulva rigida and Polysiphonia subtilissima, were major fouling organisms of cultured mussels (Perna perna) in Espiritu Santo state, Brazil. Fouling slows the growth of mussels, but the costs of cleaning mussels exceeded the effects of reduced growth (de Sa et al. 2007). | ||