Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record: Redondo Beach/CA/King Harbor (1972, Cohen 2002)
Geographic Extent
Venice/CA/Marina del Rey (2000, Cohen et al. 2002; 2001, Fairey et al. 2002); Mackie et al. 2012); Redondo Beach/CA/King Harbor (1972, Cohen et al. 2002)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Probable | Hull Fouling |
Regional Impacts
| Ecological Impact | Competition | |
| In southern California, W. subtorquata is now (2000-2003) the dominant or only form at several sites (Oceanside Harbor, Alamitos Bay, King Harbor; Geller et al. 2008) where W. arcuata was previously dominant (Banta 1969). Geller et al. (2008) suggest that W. subtorquata may be more competitive than W. arcuata in warm-temperate climates, and may be expected to extend its range northward as the climate warms. | ||