Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record: Alexandria/VA/Little Hunting Creek (Virginia Department of Fish and Game 2004; Whoriskey 2004).
Geographic Extent
just downstream of Octoraro Lake dam, Chester County/PA/Octoraro Creek (7/3/2018, USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program 2018); Cecil County/MD/Susquehanna River (3/10/2016, (7/30/2015, USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program) 2016 just S of Havre de Grace]/MD/Susquehanna River (7/30/2015, USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program 2015); Anchor Marina, Northeast/MD/Northeast River (4/17/2011, http://dnr.maryland.gov/fisheries/fishingreport/); Glen Burnie/MD/Furnace Creek, Patapsco River (5/4/2013, http://www.dnr.state.md.us/fisheries/fishingreport/single.asp?ID=2972; USGS Nonindigenous Species Program 2013); Fox Point (Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater/MD/Rhode River (7/14/2011, Ruiz et al,, Hines et al., unpublished data); Chesapeake Beach/MD/Fishing Creek (9/11/2011, USGS Nonindigenous Species Program 2013); Price Frederick/MD/Horse Swamp, Parker Creek (7/30/2017, Rob Aguilar, pers. comm.); Alexandria/VA/Little Hunting Creek (Virginia Department of Fish and Game 2004; Whoriskey 2004); Marshall Hall/MD/Potomac River; Mason Neck National Wildlife Refuge/VA/Potomac River; Fairfax County/MD/Dogue Creek Fahrenthold 2004; Wheaton/MD/Potomac (Anacostia) watershed pond (1 fish, Fahrenthold 2004; Crofton/MD/unnamed pond, Patuxent watershed (eradicated 2002); a pond at Kenilworth Park and Aquatic Gardens in NE District of Columbia/adjacent to Anacostia River (Center for Aquatic Resource Studies 2005: Four females, 3 males, 1 undetermined sex. Pond was drained and left to dry for six days. None were found in adjacent ponds.); Anacostia, NE Washington River, (upriver of the Benning Road Bridge)/Anacostia River (2007, Center for Aquatic Resource Studies 2007); Fairfax County/VA/Gunston Cove, Dogue Creek Bay and Little Hunting Creek (2006, Lapointe et al. 2010); below Rt. 301 and above Colonial Beach)/VA/upper Machodoc Creek (2/25/2009. Center for Aquatic Resource Studies 2009, n, 7.9 PSU); about 56 km (35 miles), at mouth off Kitts Point/MD/St. Marys River (5/2010, USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program 2011); above Chain Bridge/DC-MD/Potomac River (2010, Starnes et al. 2011); White's Ferry, above the head of tide/MD/Potomac River on the Potomac (Sharbell 2011, 1 specimen )
Scotland/MD/Chesapeake Bay, between the mouth of St. Jerome Creek and the mouth of the Potomac River (8/25/2010, USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program 2011); Buzz's Marina/MD/St. Jerome's Creek (5/3/2011, Tidalfish.com, http://www.tidalfish.com/forums/showthread.php/302886-Snakehead-caught-today-right-at-Buzz-s-Marina-docks); Chesapeake Ranch Estates/MD/Middle Creek, at base of Lake Lariat (tributary of Patuxent River Mouth (7/10/2011, USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program 2011); Merkle Widlife Management Area/Patuxent River (2012, Chris Swarth, personal communication 2012); Mt Calvert/MD/Patuxent River (2012, Chris Swarth, personal communication 2012); Hill's Bridge/MD/Patuxent River 2012, Chris Swarth, personal communication 2012); Wetapquin/MD/Tyaskin Creek (6/8/2011, Maryland Department of Natural Resources 2011, http://dnr.maryland.gov/fisheries/fishingreport/); Rte 404 Bridge/DE/Marshyhope Creek, Nanticoke River Tributary; (7/2011, WBOC News 7/22/2011, http://www.wboc.com/story/15131544/2-invasive-snakeheads-recently-caught-in-del-waterways); near Laurel/DE/Broad Creek, Nanticoke river drainage (Fall/2010, WBOC News 7/22/2011); MD 335 Bridge/MD/Blackwater River (3/16/2012, USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program 2011); Middleford Branch [in Middleford]/DE/Nanticoke River (8/9/2011, USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program 2012); near Salisbury/MD/Wicomico River (5/23/2012, frozen at USFWS, Annapolis, MD, USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program 2012); Beaverdam Creek in a city park in Salisbury/MD/Wicomico River tributary (6/22/2012, USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program 2012, male guarding nest); Rt. 363 crossing [W of Princess Anne], Somerset County/MD/Monie Creek (6/20/2012, USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program 2012); Pocomoke City/MD/Pocomoke River (7/2019, , USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program 2019). (off Routes 2/17, a few mi SE of Fredericksburg/VA/Massaponax Creek at Ruffins Pond (7/2019, USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program 2012, 1 fish caught, 2 more seen); Waysons Corner/MD/Patuxent River (7/18/2012, Maryland Anglers' Blog http://dnr.maryland.gov/fisheries/fishingreport/log.asp?p=2&q=snakehead&amnt=10); Crabbe Mill Stream, Northumberland County/VA/Crabbe Mill Stream, Pinakatank River (7/19/2012, USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species 2012); near Iraville/VA/Elmwood Creek, near jct with Baylors Creek, Rappahannock River (9/29/2012, USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program 2012, 1fish); Drake’s Marsh near Leedstown/VA/Rappahnnock River (2012, Dennen 2013); Hicks Landing, Caroline County/VA/Rappahannock River (2012, Dennen 2013)
Vectors
Level | Vector |
---|---|
Probable | Fisheries Intentional |
Regional Impacts
Ecological Impact | Predation | |
In experiments, Channa argus had high rates of predation on small (<100 mm) age 0 Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides). Current rates of co-occurrence in MD waters (10.6% of stations sampled) and estimated rates of predation are small (3.8 % per year), but are predicted to increase as Snakehead populations increase (Love and Newhard 2012). | ||
Ecological Impact | Competition | |
Rates of co-occurrence with Micropterus salmoides (Largemouth Bass) are still small, (10.6% of stations sampled), but as populations increase, overlap of food and nest-building sites is likely (Love and Newhard 2012). | ||
Economic Impact | Fisheries | |
Modeling indicates that the current impact of Channa argus (Northern Snakehead) on the sport fishery for Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides), due to predation on juveniles, is small, but is predicted to increase as the population grows (Love and Newhard 2012). Sport fishing for snakeheads by hook-and-line, and by bow-hunting, has been promoted in tournaments (du Lac 2012; Fears 2012). Local restaurants have been cooking serving snakeheads, as a novelty, but also as good eating (Thomson 2011). State regulations require that fish be killed when caught, and not be transported alive. | ||