Invasion

Invasion Description

1st Introduced Record: Washington/DC/Little River (1897, Smith and Bean 1898, stocked in shenadoan River 1894, Worth 1895)

1st Cryptogenic Record: Richmond/VA/Tuckahoe Creek (James drainage) (Cope, 1869, probably native, but possibly introduced, Jenkins and Burkhead 1993).

It was considered probably native to James and Dismal Swamp, based on Cope's (1869) record, but could have been introduced much earlier. It is probably introduced elsewhere, including the York and Rappahannock, with some uncertainty due to the lack of early records and spotty present distribution, but clearly introduced in the Potomac (Jenkins and Burkhead 1993).

Geographic Extent

Richmond/VA/Tuckahoe Creek (James drainage) (Cope, 1869, probably native, but possibly introduced, Jenkins and Burkhead 1993); VA; Chickahominy estuary, a James tributary (McIvor and Odum 1988). VA/York River (1934, nontidal, Jenkins and Burkhead 1993); VA/Rappahannock River (1938, nontidal, Jenkins and Burkhead 1993); VA/Rappahannock (Maurakis et al. 1987, tidal); MD/upper Bay and drainages (very local) (Lee et al. 1976); near Annapolis/MD/Broad Creek, south River tributary (2008, Rob Aguilar, personal communication); Eastern Shore drainages (very local) (Lee et al. 1976)