Invasion

Invasion Description

1st Record: CT/Connecticut River (1988, Whitworth 1996)

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1st Record: NY/Lower Mohawk River (1934, Smith and Lake 1990; Mills et al. 1997)

, 1st Record: MD-DC-VA/Potomac River (1894, Worth 1895; Smith and Bean 1898; Jenkins and Burkhead 1993), 1st Record? PA/Delaware River (Fowler 1919)

Geographic Extent

CT/Connecticut River (1988, Whitworth 1996); Hartford/CT/Wethersfield Cove, Crow Point Cove (Jacobson et al. 2004);

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NY/Lower Mohawk River- Hudson River estuary (1976, Smith and Lake 1990; Mills et al. 1997; Daneils et al. 2005; Waldman et al. 2006, rare)

, Potomac; above Chain Bridge/DC-MD/Potomac River (2010, Starnes et al. 2011); Patuxent; Susquehanna; Upper Bay (Susquehanna Flats; Northeast River) and drainages; Eastern Shore Drainages Susquehanna River - In 1877, two hundred P. annularis were released into a reservoir at Hollidaysburg PA, Juniata River by the PA Fish Commision. Other PA Fish Commission plantings were probably made, based on the apparent interest in this fish (Creveling 1881). It was not reported from Susquehanna in 1893 (Bean 1893), but present by 1919 (Fowler 1919), and is present throughout the River basin now (Denoncourt and Cooper 1975; McKeown 1984)

Upper Bay- Pomoxis annularis was recorded from the mouth of Susquehanna at Havre de Grace (Hildebrand and Schroeder 1928). It was rare in a creel survey in the Northeast River (Elser 1960), and was taken in freshwater spillpools along C&D canal (Wang 1971).

Patuxent River- Two hundred 'Crappie' were planted, 1899 (Ravenel 1900). P. annularis was stocked in Tridelphia Reservoir but absent in river or estuary (Mansueti 1950). Pomoxis annularis is now present at Jug Bay in the estuary (Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 1995).

Potomac River- Pomoxis annularis was stocked by the USFC in 1894-1919 (Worth 1895; Leach 1921). In the late 19th and early 20th century, P. annularis apparently outnumbered P. nigromaculatus: P. annularis 'have become very common in places, notably Little River, Four-Mile Run and in the river near Seven Locks' (Smith and Bean 1898). Early in the 20th century, P. annularis was more abundant than P. nigromaculatus, just above Fall-Line (Bean and Weed 1911). The only species found in the Chesapeake & Ohio canal at Seneca Creek, Montgomery County MD was P. annularis (Radcliffe and Welsh 1916). However, P. nigromaculatus is now the dominant crappie in the Potomac, and there apparently have been no records in the tidal river or nearby nontidal waters since the 1970's (Lippson et al. 1979; Ernst et al. 1995).

James, York, Rappahannock Rivers- Pomoxis annularis is present only in reservoirs in these drainages (Jenkins and Burkhead 1993). It was probably introduced with stocks of 'crappie' in the 1890's and early 1900's but apparently never became established in rivers, and was not in found in river surveys (Massman et al. 1952; Raney 1950; Raney and Massmann 1953)., Trenton-Philadelphia-Wilmington/NJ-PA/Delaware River (Horwitz 1986; Weisberg et al. 1996); DE/Appoquinimick Creek (Smith 1971); NJ/Alloway Creek; PA/Schuylkill River (Fairchild et al. 1998)