Invasion

Invasion Description

1st Record: Chichester, Sussex/England/English Channel (Bishop 1947)

Geographic Extent

Isle of Cumbrae/Scotlland/Firth of Clyde (1954, O'Riordan et al. 2009, single specimen in 1954, now established and common; Gallagher et al. 2015); Anglesey/Wales/Menai Straits (Barnet and Crisp 1970); England-Wales/Severn Estuary; Weymouth/England/English Channel (2004, Arenas et al. 2006); Poole/England/English Channel (2004, Arenas et al. 2006); 7 marinas, East Anglia/England/English Channle (2015, Wood et al. 2016); Northern Ireland/Strangford Lough, Irish Sea (Seed and Harris 1986); 6 marinas, England/Irish Sea (2015, Wood et al. 2016); Dublin area/Ireland/Iriosh Sea (2021, O' Shaughnessy et al. 2023(; Ferrybridge, Portland/England/English Channel (2004, Arenas et al. 2006); Chichester, Sussex/England/English Channel (1944, Bishop 1947); Exmouth/England/English Channel (2004, Arenas et al. 2006); Balintore,/Scotland/North Sea (2012, Nall et al. 2012); Avoch/Scotland/North Sea (2012, Nall et al. 2014); Thomton Bank Wind Farm, 30 km offshore/Belgium/North Sea (2011-2012, de Mesel et al. 2015, 51 32 52.73500 N, 2 55 46.27300E, occasional); Waassernaarse/Netherlands/North Sea (1945, Wolff 2005); Netherlands/Wadden Sea (1950, Wolff 2005); Helgoland/Germany (1953, Nehring 2002); Geermnay/Wadden sea (2014, Rohde et al. 2017); Germany/Helgoland Bight-Elbe Estuary (oligo-euhaline, Nehring 2006); Denmark/Wadden Sea (1978, Jensen and Knudsen 2005); Isle of Sylt/Germany/North Sea (1955, Witte et al. 2010, rare until 1990s, became dominant by 2007); on hulls of ships in drydocks/Scotland/North sea-Irish Sea (2009-2012, McCollin and Brown 2014); Denmark/Limfjord (2011, Glenner et al. 2021)