Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record: Hawaiian Islands/Pacific Ocean (by 1924, Chilton 1924; Carlton and Eldredge 2009)
Geographic Extent
Oahu/HI/Honolulu Harbor, Keehi Lagoon, Kewalo Basin (Coles et al. 1999a); Oahu/HI/Pearl Harbor (1996, Coles et al. 1999b); Oahu, Molumaku/HI/Pacific Ocean (1967, USNM 151390, US National Museum of Natural History 2007; Barnard 1970, on transplanted black coral Antipathes irregularis, some uncertainty in identification); Midway Atoll/HI/Pacific Ocean (deFelice et al. 1998 )
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Alternate | Ballast Water |
| Alternate | Hull Fouling |