Invasion
Invasion Description
1st record: Canal Zone/Panama/Caribbean Sea (USNMNH collections; Calder 2019)
Geographic Extent
Gatun locks/Panama/Panama Canal (1924, Hildebrand 1939; 1974, USNHM collections); Venezuela/Lake Maracaibo (deRincon and Morris 2003)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Probable | Hull Fouling |
Regional Impacts
| Economic Impact | Industry | |
| Fouling of industrial plants using Lake Maracaibo water and submerged structures (de Rincon and Morris 2003). | ||