Invasion

Invasion Description

1st record: offshore oil rigs (50-100 km offshore), Tuxpan (Veracruz)/Mexico (1977, Fenner 2001); 1st US record (1991) High Island platform/TX/Gulf of Mexico (27 54 N, 93 40 W) (Fenner 2001)

Geographic Extent

offshore oil rigs, 50-100 km offshore, Campeche/Mexico/Gulf of Mexico (1985, Fenner 2001); offshore oil rigs (50-100 km offshore), Tuxpan (Veracruz)/Mexico (1977, Fenner 2001); High Island platform/TX/Gulf of Mexico (1991, Fenner 2001, 27 54 N, 93 40 W); Matagorda Island oil rig/TX/Gulf of Mexico (1999, Fenner 2001, 28 18 27 N, 96 13 41W); East Flower Garden Banks/TX/Gulf of Mexico (2002, Fenner and Banks 2004; Precht et al. 2014); Grand Isle 94 oil rig/LA/Gulf of Mexico (2000, Fenner 2001, 28 32.33N, 90.52 W); 14 standing production platforms, LA, Gulf of Mexico, off Mississippi river mouth, 28.2- 28.5 N; 89.0-90.6 W (2010, Sammarco et al. 2014); Green Canyon 18 oil rig/LA/Gulf of Mexico oil rig (2000, Fenner 2001, 27 56.48W, 91 02.52W); Main Pass 265A oil rig/LA/Gulf of Mexico (2000, Fenner et al. 2001); Mississippi Canyon 280A oil rig (1994, Fenner 2001, 18 39.46N, 89 09.28W); wreck of 'Donal G. McAllister' off Hollywood/FL/Florida Straits (2001, Fenner and Banks 2004); mitigation reef, Port of Miami/FL/Biscayne Bay; wrecks of 'Duane' at Key Largo/FL/Gulf of Mexico (1999, Fenner and Banks 2004);  'Amesbury' off Key West/FL/Gulf of Mexico (2000, Fenner and Banks 2004); Fort Lauderdale/FL/Atlantic Ocean (2001, USNM 1016054 US National Museum of Natural History 2003); underside of floating dock, Palm Beach/FL/Palm beach Inlet (Fenner and Banks 2004); Mariel/Cuba/Gulf of Mexico (O'Brien et al. 2017)