Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record: WA/Samish Bay (Puget Sound) (1924, Carlton 1979, Byers 1999)
Geographic Extent
British Columbia/Pendrell Sound (2006, Gillespie et al. 2007); British Columbia/Oakover Inlet (2006, Gillespie et al. 2007); Campbell River/British Columbia/Georgia Straits (2008, Choi et al. 2016); Nanaimo/British Columbia/Nanaimo Estuary (2007, Mach et al. 2015; Choi et al. 2016; Mach et al. 2017); Ladysmith-Comox (Vancouver Island)/British Columbia/Straits of Georgia (1966 Carlton 1979); Victoria, Vancouver Island/British Columbia/Sooke Basin (1997, Klinkenberg 2012); Esquimalt/British Columbia (2008, Juan de Fuca Strait (2008, Choi wt al. 2016); British Columbia/Boundary Bay (1959, Carlton 1979; Klinkenberg 2012); Galiano Island/British Columbia/Montague Harbour, Georgia Straits (1970, Yamada 1982); WA/Samish Bay (Puget Sound) (1924, Carlton 1979, Byers 1999); WA/Padilla Bay (Puget Sound) (1960; Byers 1999; Riggs 2011); WA/Bellingham Bay (1926, Carlton 1979; Byers 1999); WA/Chuckanut Bay (1976, Carlton 1979); Dosewallips/WA/Puget Sound; WA-British Columbia/Boundary Bay (1962, Carlton 1979, Byers 1999); Taylor Shellfish Rafts/WA/Totten Inlet (Puget Sound) (Cohen et al. 2001); Penrose Point State Park, Lake Bay/WA/Carr Inlet, (10/23/2017, Gary Burgess pers. comm. 10/27, 20172017, 47.25918; -122.74431 )
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Probable | Oyster Accidental |
Regional Impacts
| Ecological Impact | Habitat Change | |
| In Padilla Bay, Washington, Batillaria attramentaria was shown to alter habitats in several ways that had positive effects on native species. The numerous dead shells provided habitat for attachment or shelter for the introduced slipper shell Crepidula convexa, the anemone Diadumene lineata, and the native hermit crabs Pagurus hirsutiusculus and P. granosimanus. In manipulative experiments, the introduced seagrass Zostera japonica increased in the presence of B. attramentaria. The increase in Z. japonica probably results from bioturbation, modifying oxygen and nutrient concentrations in sediment (Wonham et al. 2005). | ||
| Ecological Impact | Trophic Cascade | |
| In manipulative experiments, the introduced snail Nassarius fraterculus increased in the presence of B. attramentaria. The increase in N. fraterculus may result from differential grazing by B. attramentaria, resulting in increasing microalgae favored by N. fraterculus (Wonham et al. 2005). | ||