Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record? state of Sucre/Venezuela/Caribbean Sea (Beauperthuy 1967, cited by Perez et al. 2007, a possible range extension from Brazil?)
Geographic Extent
state of Sucre/Venezuela/Caribbean Sea (Beauperthuy 1967, cited by Perez et al. 2007, date of introduction unknown, possibly with African slave trade); Tobago/Caribbean Sea (Florida Museum of Natural History 2011); Trinidad/Caribbean Sea (Florida Museum of Natural History 2011); Isla Margarita/Venezuela/Caribbean Sea (1995, Florida Museum of Natural History 2011); Cartagena/Colombia/Caribbean Sea (Díaz-Merlano and Puyana-Hegedus1994, cited by Gracia et al. 2011shells on beaches)
Vectors
Level | Vector |
---|---|
Alternate | Hull Fouling |
Alternate | Dry Ballast |
Alternate | Ballast Water |