Invasion
Invasion Description
1st record: Larne, Northern Ireland/North Sea (1863, Provan et al. 2007, originally identified as C. f. spp. atlanticum)
Geographic Extent
Orkney Island/Scotland/North Sea (2012-2017, Kakonnen et al. 2018); Scotland/Irish Sea; Ronaldsay, Orkney, Scotland/North Sea (1891, Provan et al. 2007, originally identified as C. f. spp. atlanticum); Wick/Scotland/North Sea (2012, Nall et al. 2014); Denmark/North Sea (1919, Thomsen et al. 2007); Netherlands/North Sea (1900, Chapman 1999); Oostence/Belgium/Sluice Dock, North Sea (1939, Kerckhof et al. 2007); Denmark/Limfjorden 1920, Chapman 1999); Helgoland/Germany/North Sea (1932, (Chapman 1999); Isle of Sylt/Germany/Wadden Sea (Buschbaum et al. 2012); Brighton/England/English Channel (2004, Arenas et al. 2006); Gosport/England/English Channel (2004, Arenas et al. 2006); Ferrybridge, Portland/England/English Channel (2004, Arenas et al. 2006); Exmouth//England/English Channel (2004, Arenas et al. 2006); Swanage/England/English Channel (1894, Provan et al. 2007, originally identified as C. f. spp. atlanticum); East side/Isle of Wight/English Channel (2005, Trowbridge and Farham 2009, 'widely distibuted); Larne, Northern Ireland/North Sea (1863, Provan et al. 2007, originally identified as C. f. spp. atlanticum); Carlingford Lough/Ireland/Irish Sea (2021, O'Shaighnessy et al. 2023)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Probable | Hull Fouling |
Regional Impacts
| Ecological Impact | Competition | |
| Codium was reported to replace the native C. tomentosum on the south and west coasts of the British Isles (Farnham 1980; Eno et al. 1997). However, in the English Channel region, dense populations of C. fragile are seen on artificial structures, such as docks and breakwaters, but populations of the native C. tomentosum and C. vermilara persist in natural habitats (Trowbridge and Farnham 2009). | ||