Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record: Emeryville/CA/San Francisco Bay (1993, Carlton and Cohen 1998);
Geographic Extent
Emeryville/CA/San Francisco Bay (1993, Carlton and Cohen 1998); Taney Marina Beach, Coast Guard Island/CA/Oakland Estuary (1996, Carlton and Cohen 1998); Port of Redwood City/CA/South San Francisco Bay (Miller et al. 2004); Brisbane/CA/Brisbane Lagoon, South San Francisco Bay (2004, Cohen et al. 2005); Coast Guard Island, Oakland/CA/Oakland Estuary (2004, Cohen et al. 2005); Coyote Point Marina/CA/South San Francisco Bay 2004, Cohen et al. 2005);
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Alternate | Discarded Bait |
| Alternate | Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster) |
Regional Impacts
| Ecological Impact | Competition | |
| The native periwinkles L. scutulata, L. plena and L. keenae were absent in the vicinity of introduced L. saxatilis populations in San Francisco Bay (Carlton and Cohen 1993). However, the mechanisms for this apparent exclusion have not been studied, to our knowledge. | ||