Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record: Hawaiian Islands/HI/Pacific Ocean (Carlton and Eldredge 2009). Carlton and Eldredge identify Hawaiian specimens as Hipponix australis, and consider them cyptogenic in the islands.
Geographic Extent
Oahu/HI/Keehi Lagoon; Johnston Atoll/Pacific Ocean; Kona, City Of Refuge, Hawaii Island/HI/Pacific Ocean (1977, USNM 903612, US National Museum of Natural History 2009);; Johnston Island/Pacific Ocean (ANSP Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2013)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Alternate | Ballast Water |
| Alternate | Hull Fouling |
| Probable | Oyster Accidental |