Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record: Le Havre/France/English Channel (1861, Carlton and Mann 1996)
Geographic Extent
Le Havre/France/English Channel (1861, Carlton and Mann 1996); Ile Vaast-la-Hogue, Normandy/France/English Channel (1861, Carlton and Mann 1996); Essex, Suffolk, Kent/England/English Channel (1871, Utting and Spencer 1992; Carlton and Mann 1996); Wales/Menai Straits (1896, Utting and Spencer 1992; Carlton and Mann 1996); Counties of Louth and Dublin/Irish Sea (1939, Carlton and Mann 1996); Oostende/Netherlands/North Sea (1939, Carlton and Mann 1996); Denmark/North Sea (1880s-1930s, Ruesink et al. 2005); Ireland (pre-1939, Carlton and Mann 1996)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Probable | Oyster Intentional |
Regional Impacts
| Ecological Impact | Parasite/Predator Vector | |
| While C. virginica has not become established in northern European waters, Eastern Oyster introductions have been a probable/possible vector for many fouling organisms and predators including Streblospio benedicti, slippershells (Crepidula fornicata), Atlantic Oyster Drill (Urosalpinx cinerea), and tunicates (Molgula manhattensis) (Eno et al. 1997; Reise et al. 1999; Wolff and Reise 2002). | ||