Invasion
Invasion Description
1st record: Zuid, Shore Between the Villages of Katwijk + Noordwijk near Leiden/Netherlands/North Sea (1948, USNM 98006; Holthuis 1949b; Menzies 1957)
Geographic Extent
Zuid, Shore Between the villages of Katwijk + Noordwijk near Leiden/Netherlands/North Sea (1948, USNM 98006; Holthuis 1949b; Menzies 1957); Strand Katwijk-Noordwijk, In Balk/Netherlands/North Sea (1949, USNM 98007; Holthuis 1949b; Menzies 1957); Dover-Weymouth (11 ports total)/English Channel (1959, Jones 1963); Portsmouth/England/Southampton Water (2002-2003, Borges 2013)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Probable | Hull Fouling |
Regional Impacts
| Economic Impact | Shipping/Boating | |
| In Swansea, Wales and Southampton Water, England, heated discharge from power plants prolonged the breeding period of Limnoria quadripunctata and tripunctata , increasing damage to wooden docks (Raymont 1976; Coughlan 1977). In Southampton Water, boring by the two Limnoria species removed 6-13% of untreated wooded test blocks per year (Coughlan 1977). | ||