Invasion
Invasion Description
1st record: Netherlands/Zuiderzee (1874, Wolff 2005)
Geographic Extent
Cardiff Docks/Wales/Severn estuary (Celtic Sea) (1996, Eno et al. 1997); London/England/River Lea (Bow Creek, Thames estuary(Jarvis and Clark 2021); Caen/France/Caen Canal (1955, Goulletquer et al. 2002); Le Havre/France/Baie de la Seine, English Channel (Breton et al. 1996); Netherlands/Zuiderzee (1874-1943, extirpated by conversion to freshwater lake, Wolff 2005); Netherlands/Veersemeer (Jansens 1977, cited by Wofff 2005); Netherlands/Nodrzeekanaal (Wolff 2005); Bath/Netherlands/Westershelde (1998, Wolff 2005); Doel/Belgium/River Scheldt (1985, Woutters 2002); Germany/Ems estuary (Nehring 2000; Rohde et al. 2017); Ghent Harbor/Belgium/Ghent Harbor, Scheldt (1999, Boetts et al. 2011); Germany/Weser estuary, Gerrmany/Elbe Estuary (1996, Nehring 2000); Germany/Eider Estuary (Nehring 2000)
Vectors
Level | Vector |
---|---|
Alternate | Ballast Water |
Alternate | Hull Fouling |
Alternate | Oyster Accidental |