Anadara satowi

Invasion History

First Non-native North American Tidal Record:
First Non-native West Coast Tidal Record:
First Non-native East/Gulf Coast Tidal Record:

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General Invasion History:

The ark shell Anadara satowi is native to the Northwest Pacific, ranging from Hong Kong, China to Hokkaido, Japan (Huang 2001; Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2010; Museum of Comparative Zoology 2010).

North American Invasion History:

Invasion History on the West Coast:

In the Northeast Pacific, A. satowi is known only from an empty shell found in Quilcene, Washington, in the Hood Canal (Puget Sound), near the Washington State Shellfish Laboratory. The shell could have been discarded from the laboratory, or else introduced with plantings of Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) from Japan (Hanna, 1966, cited by Carlton 1979).

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Description

Anadara satowi, an ark shell, is a marine bivalve with a thick, strongly ribbed shell. The hinge line bears numerous teeth, arranged in a line on both valves. Both valves have prominent beaks which almost come into contact. The shell is heart-shaped in a side view. Ark shells can occasionally attach to rocks and shells with byssus threads (genus characteristics, Morris 1975). The shell superficially resembles that of A. ovalis in photographs, and is covered with brown periostracum, but may reach a larger size (90+ mm) (Natural History Museum Rotterdam, http://www.nmr-pics.nl/Arcidae_new2/album/index.html).  Anadara satowi, like A. ovalis, has hemoglobin in its blood, and has red blood and tissues (Ohnoki et al. 1973).

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Taxonomy

Ecology

General:

Anadara satowi an ark shell, is a suspension-feeding marine bivalve found in muddy, subtidal environments (http://shellauction.net/auction_shell.php?id=645754&pres=1). It may occasionally attach to rocks and shells with byssus threads.

Food:

Phytoplankton

Trophic Status:

Suspension Feeder

SusFed

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Habitats

General Habitat	Unstructured Bottom	None
General Habitat	Oyster Reef	None
Salinity Range	Polyhaline	18-30 PSU
Salinity Range	Euhaline	30-40 PSU
Tidal Range	Subtidal	None
Vertical Habitat	Endobenthic	None

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Tolerances and Life History Parameters

Broad Temperature Range	None	Cold temperate-Warm temperate
Broad Salinity Range	None	Polyhaline-Euhaline

General Impacts

Anadara satowi, an ark shell, is known as an introduced species only from a single dead shell on the West Coast, and has had no known impacts outside its native range.

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References

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2002-2024a Malacology Collection Search. <missing URL>



Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2006-2014b OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database. <missing URL>



Carlton, James T. (1979) History, biogeography, and ecology of the introduced marine and estuarine invertebrates of the Pacific Coast of North America., Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Davis. Pp. 1-904

Hanna, G. Dallas (1966) Introduced mollusks of Western North America, Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 48: <missing location>

Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology 2008-2021 Museum of Comparative Zoology Collections database- Malacology Collection. <missing URL>



Huang, Zongguo (Ed.), Junda Lin (Translator) (2001) Marine Species and Their Distributions in China's Seas, Krieger, Malabar, FL. Pp. <missing location>

Morris, Percy A. (1975) A field guide to shells of the Atlantic, Houghton-Mifflin, Boston. Pp. <missing location>

Ohnoki, Shiro; Mitomi, Yoshitada; Hata, Ryuichiro; Satake, Kazuo (1973) Heterogeneity of hemoglobin from arca (Anadara satowi,/i>) molecular weights and oxygen equilibria of Arca Hb I and II, Journal of Biochemistry 73(4): 717-725

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