Bugula sp. 2

Invasion History

First Non-native North American Tidal Record:
First Non-native West Coast Tidal Record:
First Non-native East/Gulf Coast Tidal Record:

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General Invasion History:

None

North American Invasion History:

Invasion History on the West Coast:

Cohen et al. (1998) designated this unidentified species of Bugula as a probable introduced species in Puget Sound, Washington. It resembles the North Atlantic species B. fulva (Ryland 1960; Hayward and Ryland 1998), which has been introduced to southern California (San Diego to Monterey Bay) (de Rivera et al. 2005; Ruiz et al. , unpublished data).

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Description

Cohen et al. (1998) designated this unidentified species of Bugula as ‘Bugula sp. 2’ and noted that it resembled the North Atlantic species Bugula fulva, which has been introduced to southern California (de Rivera et al. 2005, Ruiz et al., unpublished data). Bugula fulva forms dense tufted (not spiraled) yellowish brown colonies up to 3 cm high. The branches are biserial (with zooids in double rows). The zooids are rectangular, and have three spines on the outer distal corner, and two or three on the inner distal corner. Avicularia are attached to the margins of the zooids, just proximal to the spines, and are slightly longer than the width of the zooids, with the beak smoothly curved downward. Each zooid has 13 tentacles (Description from: Ryland 1960; Hayward and Ryland 1998).

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Taxonomy

Ecology

General:

Life History- Bugula sp. 2 is a bush-like, calcified bryozoan, composed of many individual zooids. The zooids feed by extending ciliated tentacles from their lophophore, creating a current and driving food particles into their mouth. The food is guided along the tentacles and through the pharynx by the cilia. Larger food particles can be moved or captured by flicking or contracting the tentacles. The zooids are hermaphroditic, and produce large yolky eggs, which hatch into lecithotrophic larvae, which are planktonic for short periods (less than 1-2 days). Larvae settle on a substrate and metamorphose into the first zooid of a colony, an ancestrula (Barnes 1983).

Ecology- Bugula sp. 2 attaches to hard substrates, probably stones and pilings. The morphologically similar B. fulva has been found attached to stones, seaweed holdfasts, other bryozoans, and other hard substrates (Ryland 1965; Ryland and Hayward 1991; Ryland 1998).

Food:

Phytoplankton

Trophic Status:

Suspension Feeder

SusFed

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Habitats

General Habitat	Marinas & Docks	None
General Habitat	Rocky	None
Salinity Range	Polyhaline	18-30 PSU
Salinity Range	Euhaline	30-40 PSU
Tidal Range	Subtidal	None
Vertical Habitat	Epibenthic	None

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Tolerances and Life History Parameters

Broad Temperature Range	None	Cold temperate
Broad Salinity Range	None	Polyhaline-Euhaline

General Impacts

No ecological impacts have been reported for Bugula sp. 2.

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References

Cohen, Andrew; and 16 authors. (1998) <missing title>, Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, Washington. Pp. 1-37

Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J. S. (1998) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Part 1: Aeteoidea-Cribilinoidea., Synopses of the British Fauna 10 (2nd edition): 1-366

Ryland, J. S. (1960) The British species of Bugula (Polyzoa)., Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 134: 65-105

Ryland, J.S., Hayward, P.J. (1977) British anascan bryozoans, Cheilostomata: Anasca. Keys and notes for the identification of the species., Synopses of the British Fauna 10: 1-187

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