Nolella stipata

Invasion History

First Non-native North American Tidal Record:
First Non-native West Coast Tidal Record:
First Non-native East/Gulf Coast Tidal Record:

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General Invasion History:

None

North American Invasion History:

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Description

The erect bryozoan Nolella stipata is comprised of cylindrical zooids, packed in dense clumpsand , arising from a fine stolon. The autozooids are 1.0 to 3 mm long and 0.2 mm wide, and often tapered to a fine tube at the base (stipata/gigantea, form where it is linked to other zooids. There is also a form (or separate species?), dilatata, in which the zooids are not taperedThe surface of the autzooids is opaque grey-brown, marked with fine rings, and usually coated with detritus. The lophophore has 18- 22 tentacles' (Maturo 1958; Hayward 1985 (Ryland and Hayward 1991).

Colonies adhere to algae, hydroids, seagrasses and shells, and other bryozoans (Maturo 1958; Winston 1982). Erect colonies, of the 'stipata'/'gigantea' develop from a single stolon, but the 'dilatata form can grow in a turf, with a meshwork of multiple stolons. Reproductive structires are not known in the 'stipata'/'gigantea' form, but the 'dilatata' form develops large ovisacs at the terminus of the stolon (Hayward 1985). Maturo (1958) reports that the 'dilatata from, with shorter zooids (0.4-2.0 mm) is restricted to hard substrates in North Carolina, but Hayward (1985) found it on both hard and soft surfaces.

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Taxonomy

Ecology

Food:

Phytoplankton

Trophic Status:

Suspension Feeder

SusFed

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Habitats

General Habitat	Coarse Woody Debris	None
General Habitat	Oyster Reef	None
General Habitat	Unstructured Bottom	None
General Habitat	Marinas & Docks	None
General Habitat	Rocky	None
General Habitat	Mangroves	None
Salinity Range	Mesohaline	5-18 PSU
Salinity Range	Polyhaline	18-30 PSU
Salinity Range	Euhaline	30-40 PSU
Tidal Range	Subtidal	None
Vertical Habitat	Epibenthic	None

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Tolerances and Life History Parameters

Broad Temperature Range	None	Cold temperate-Subtropical
Broad Salinity Range	None	Polyhaline-Euhaline

General Impacts

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References

California Academy of Sciences 2005-2015 Invertebrate Zoology Collection Database. <missing URL>



Campos M, De Andrade AFA, Kunzmann B (2014) Modelling of the potential distribution of Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857) on a global scale, Aquatic Invasions 9(3): 253–265
https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2014.9.3.03

Cohen, Andrew N. and 10 authors (2005) <missing title>, San Francisco Estuary Institute, Oakland CA. Pp. <missing location>

Creary, Marcia M. (2003) A simplified field guide to the bryozoan species found on the roots of the red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) in and around Kingston Harbour, Jamaica, W.I., Bulletin of Marine Science 73(2): 521-526

Creary, Marcia; Webber, Mona (2009) <missing title>, Environmental Foundation of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica. Pp. 1-18

de Rivera, Catherine, and 27 authors (2005) Broad-scale non-indigenous species monitoring along the West Coast in National Marine Sanctuaries and National Estuarine Research Reserves report to National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Washington, D.C.. Pp. <missing location>

Hayward, P.J. (1985) Ctenostome Bryozoans., Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) 33: 1-169



Lira, Simone Maria de Albuquerque ; Farrapeira, Cristiane Maria Rocha (2010) Sessile and sedentary macrofauna from the Pirapama Shipwreck, Pernambuco, Brazil, Biota Neotropica 10(4): published online

Marcus, Ernst (1937) Bryozoarios Marinhos Brasileiros, Boletim de faculdade de filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de sao Paulo, Zoologia 1: 1-224

Maturo, Frank J. S., Jr. (1957) A study of the Bryozoa of Beaufort, North Carolina and vicinity, Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 72(1): 11-68

Osburn, Raymond C. (1940) Bryozoa of Porto Rico, N. Y. Academy of Sciences - Scientific Survey of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 16(3): 321-486

Osburn, Raymond C. (1944) A survey of the Bryozoa of Chesapeake Bay, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory Publications 63: 1-55

Osburn, Raymond, C (1953) Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America: Part 3, Cyclostomata, Ctenostomata, Entoprocta, and Addenda., Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 14(3): 615-684

Prenant, Marcel; Bobin, Geneviève (1956) <missing title>, 60 Paul LeChevalier, Paris. Pp. 1-308

Pulpeiro, E. Fernandez; Gil, O. Reverter (1995) Les Bryozoaires ctenostomes de la ria de Ferrol (Espagne nord-occidentale), Cahiers de Biologie Marine 36: 47-55

Ryland, John S.; Hayward, Peter J. (1991) Marine flora and fauna of the Northeast United States: erect Bryozoa, NOAA Technical Report NMFS 99: 1-48

Vieira, Leandro M.; Migotto, Alvaro E.; Winston, Judith E. (2008) Synopsis and annotated checklist of Recent marine Bryozoa from Brazil, Zootaxa 1810: 1-39

Winston, Judith E. (1982) Marine bryozoans (Ectoprocta) of the Indian River area (Florida)., Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 173: 99-176

Winston, Judith E. (2010) Stability and change in the Indian River area bryozoan fauna over a twenty-four year period, Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences 38: 229-239

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