Hydroides dianthus

Invasion History

First Non-native North American Tidal Record:
First Non-native West Coast Tidal Record:
First Non-native East/Gulf Coast Tidal Record:

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General Invasion History:

None

North American Invasion History:

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Description

Hydroides dianthus secretes a calcareous tube, as do other serpulid polychaetes. Serpulids have a feathery crown of modified prostomial palps, called radioles (the prostomium is the first segment, projecting above the mouth). The radioles can be folded and withdrawn into the tube. One of tne of the radioles is modified to form an operculum, which acts as a plug when the animal contracts. The peristomium (segment behind the mouth) is folded back to form a collar, which bears uniramous parapodia, with a distinctive set of collar chaetae, with spines or serrations. The collar is the first of seven thoracic chaeta-bearing segments (chaetigers). The subsequent segments have biramous parapodia. The dorsal branch of the parapodium is called the notopodium; the ventral isne the neuropodium. Chaetae in the two branches and along the body can vary greatly in their morphology, which can be critical in the taxon. The tubes have two longitudinal ridges, and lack a peristome (flared opening). The branchial (gill) crown consists of about 16 radioles each on the left and right sides of the mouth. It comprises about 1/4 of the worm's length.e.. The peduncle is cylindrical. The opercular funnel has 31 radii with pointed tips. The verticil has 10 yellowish spines, all bending ventrally. The verticil lacks a central tooth. The collar chaetae:are bayonet chaetae, with two blunt-rounded to short teeth at their base, and a smooth distal blade. The thorax has six chaetigers bearing short, rasp-like setae, called uncinae, and limbate chaetae. The abdomen has about 89 segments (69-119, n=4). The overall length is about 16.5 mm (8-30, n=54. The worm is yellow to light brown. (Description from Bastida-Zavala and ten Hove 2002; Bastida-Zavala 2017).

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Taxonomy

Ecology

General:

Life History – The serpulid polychaete Hydroides dianthus feeds by extending its feathery gills and trapping plankton in the water column, which are transported by cilia to the mouth. The sexes are separate, as in most serpulid species. The larvae are planktotrophic and spend about 4-16 days in the plankton at 21-⁰C, with development being sdelayed at low food levels (Toonen and Pawli 2001). Temperature doubtless affects larval development, but we have noit found references.

Ecology – Hydroides dianthus tolerates salinities as low as 1 PSU , but is usually associated with marine salinities (30-37 PSU, Bastida-Zavala and ten Hove 2002). However, in the Suez Canal, it was found in the Great Bitter Lakes and Lake Timsah, where salinities exceeded 40 PSU. To our knowledge, the temperature tolerance of H. elegans has not been studied experimentally. Hydroides elegans is comparatively tolerant of tributyltin antifouling compounds, wood preservative chemicals, low oxygen, and hydrogen sulfide, and benefits from the dense phytoplankton concentrations in polluted harbors (Udhayakumar and Karande 1996; Tarakanadha et al. 2004). It secretes a calcareous tube, often irregularly coiled, on hard surfaces such as rocks, pilings, floats, shells, corals, mangroves, and ships’ hulls. While it often forms dense aggregations on surfaces, it is not known to form reefs. The aggregations of worms appear to result from hydrodynamic processes and passive settlement, rather than by chemical cues and active swimming (Walters et al. 1999).

Food:

Phytoplankton

Trophic Status:

Suspension Feeder

SusFed

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Habitats

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Tolerances and Life History Parameters

Minimum Salinity (‰)	1	Filed (Bastida-Zavala and ten Hove 2017)
Maximum Salinity (‰)	51.7	Filed (Bastida-Zavala and ten Hove 2017)
Minimum Duration	4	Toonen and Pawlik 2001 (experimental, 21 C, fed )
Maximum Duration	18	Toonen and Pawlik 2001 (experimental, 21 C, starved)
Minimum Length (mm)	8	Bastida-Zavala and ten Hove 2002
Maximum Length (mm)	30	Bastida-Zavala and ten Hove 2002
Broad Temperature Range	None	Cold temperate-Subtropical
Broad Salinity Range	None	Oligohaline-Hyprehaline

General Impacts

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Regional Impacts

MED-III	None		Ecological Impact	Habitat Change
Construction of reefs
NWP-4a	None		Ecological Impact	Habitat Change
cboIMP_Impact txtIMP_Type IMP_Comments Habitat Change Ecological Impact Hydroides dianthus reefs provided habitat for dense populations of polyps of the native jellyfish Aurelia coeruea (Dong et al. 2018).
NWP-3a	None		Ecological Impact	Habitat Change
Reefs formed by H. dianthus provided habitat for dense aggregations of polyps of Aurelia coerulea.

References

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