Invasion History

First Non-native North American Tidal Record: 1961
First Non-native West Coast Tidal Record: 1961
First Non-native East/Gulf Coast Tidal Record:

General Invasion History:

Cecina manchurica is native to the Northwest Pacific from the southern Kurile Islands, to the adjacent Russian coast of the Sea of Japan and Kyushu, Japan (Adams 1864; Golikov et al. 1976). It has been introduced to Washington State and southern British Columbia, most likely with Pacific Oysters from Japan (Morrison 1963; Carlton 1979; Carlton 1992; Forsyth 2003).

North American Invasion History:

Invasion History on the West Coast:

Cecina manchurica was first discovered in North America in 1961, under logs and drift algae at the high-tide line in Chuckanut Bay, Washington (WA) (Morrison 1963). It was subsequently found in Birch Bay, WA (Duggan 1963, cited by Carlton 1979); Willapa Bay, WA (in 1963 and 1977; Hanna 1966; Carlton 1979); and Boundary Bay, British Columbia (Carlton 1992; Klinkenberg 2013). Habitats in which it has been found include piles of old oyster shells, salt marsh edges, logs, and drift piles of seaweed and seagrasses (Adams 1864; Morrison 1963; Golikov et al. 1976; Carlton 1979). A likely vector is transplantation of Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas); although not the oysters themselves, but the boxes, baskets, and racks used in shipping and rearing oysters. These are often stored on beaches, near oyster beds (Carlton 1979).


Description

Cecina manchurica is a small, semi-terrestrial marine snail, which inhabits the upper intertidal zone of marshy and rocky shores. The shell is dextrally coiled, thin-walled and translucent. Adult shells have 3-4 whorls with deep sutures and a highly eroded spire, resulting in a lumpy, elongated-ovoid shape. The shell is marked by fine growth lines with a dark brown edge around the aperture. Shells grow up to 7.2 mm in length and about 3 mm in diameter. The border of the mouth is dark brown. Description from: Adams 1864; Golikov et al. 1976; Prozorova 2003.


Taxonomy

Taxonomic Tree

Kingdom:   Animalia
Phylum:   Mollusca
Class:   Gastropoda
Subclass:   Prosobranchia
Order:   Mesogastropoda
Family:   Pomatiopsidae
Genus:   Cecina
Species:   manchurica

Synonyms

Potentially Misidentified Species

Cecina scarltoi
Native to the Northwest Pacific coast of Russia

Cecina tatarica
Native to the Northwest Pacific coast of Russia

Ecology

General:

Cecina manchurica, the Oriental Cecina, is a small, semi-terrestrial marine snail found in the upper intertidal zone of marshy and rocky shores under logs, seaweed, in piles of oyster shells, etc. (Adams 1864; Golikov et al. 1976). We have no information on the mode of reproduction of C. manchurica. It is found on poly-euhaline shores (Prozorova 2003), but in its upper-intertidal habitat it is probably frequently exposed to low salinity during rainfall, as well as a wide range of temperatures. Likely foods include bacteria, blue-green algae, diatoms, macroalgae, fungi, and the epithelial cells of vascular plants, similar to the diet of Myosotella myosotis (Berman and Carlton 1991).

Food:

Algae

Trophic Status:

Herbivore

Herb

Habitats

General HabitatRockyNone
General HabitatCoarse Woody DebrisNone
General HabitatMarinas & DocksNone
Salinity RangePolyhaline18-30 PSU
Salinity RangeEuhaline30-40 PSU
Tidal RangeHigh IntertidalNone
Tidal RangeSupratidalNone
Vertical HabitatEpibenthicNone


Tolerances and Life History Parameters

Maximum Length (mm)7.2Golikov et al. 1976
Broad Temperature RangeNoneCold temperate-Warm temperate
Broad Salinity RangeNonePolyhaline-Euhaline

General Impacts

No impacts have been reported for Cecina manchurica in its introduced range.

Regional Distribution Map

Bioregion Region Name Year Invasion Status Population Status
NWP-4a None 1861 Native Estab
NWP-3b None 0 Native Estab
NWP-4b None 0 Native Estab
NWP-5 None 0 Native Estab
NEP-III Alaskan panhandle to N. of Puget Sound 1961 Def Estab
NEP-IV Puget Sound to Northern California 1963 Def Estab
P270 Willapa Bay 1963 Def Estab
P297 _CDA_P297 (Strait of Georgia) 1963 Def Estab
P293 _CDA_P293 (Strait of Georgia) 1961 Def Estab

Occurrence Map

OCC_ID Author Year Date Locality Status Latitude Longitude

References

Abbott, R. Tucker (1974) American Seashells, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. Pp. <missing location>

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2002-2024a Malacology Collection Search. <missing URL>



Adams, Arthur (1864) On some new genera and species of Mollusca from China and Japan, Annals and Magazine of Natural History 13(3): 299-309

Berman, Jody; Carlton, James T. (1991) Marine invasion processes: Interactions between native and introduced marsh snails, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 150(2): 267-281

Carlton, James T. (1979) History, biogeography, and ecology of the introduced marine and estuarine invertebrates of the Pacific Coast of North America., Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Davis. Pp. 1-904

Carlton, James T. (1992) Introduced marine and estuarine mollusks of North America: An end-of-the-20th-century perspective., Journal of Shellfish Research 11(2): 489-505

Collado-Vides, L. (2002) Morphological plasticity of Caulerpa prolifera (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) in relation to growth form in a coral reef lagoon, Botanica Marina 45: 123-129

Forsyth, Robert G. (2003) Northern range extension for Assiminea translucens (Carpenter, 1864), Festivus 35(2): 17-18

Golikov, A. N. and 7 other editors. (1976) <missing title>, Nauk, Leningrad. Pp. <missing location>

Hanna, G. Dallas (1966) Introduced mollusks of Western North America, Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 48: <missing location>

Klinkenberg, Brian 2010-2013 E-Fauna BC: Electronic Atlas of the Fauna of British Columbia. <missing URL>



Morrison, J. P. E. (1963) Cecina from the state of Washington, Nautilus 76(4): 150-151

Prozorova, L. A. (2003) Morphological features of supralittoral mollusks of the genus Cecina(Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae) from Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan, Russian Journal of Marine Biology 29(1): 49-52