Invasion History
First Non-native North American Tidal Record:First Non-native West Coast Tidal Record:
First Non-native East/Gulf Coast Tidal Record:
General Invasion History:
None
North American Invasion History:
Description
None
Taxonomy
Taxonomic Tree
| Kingdom: | Animalia | |
| Phylum: | Mollusca | |
| Class: | Gastropoda | |
| Subclass: | Opisthobranchia | |
| Order: | Sacoglossa | |
| Family: | Stiligeridae | |
| Genus: | Placida | |
| Species: | dendritica |
Synonyms
Calliopoea dendritica (Alder & Hancock, 1943)
Hermaea brevicornis (A. Costa, 1867)
Hermaea dendritica (None, None)
Hermaea lutescens (A. Costa, 1866)
Hermaea orbicularis (A. Costa, 1866)
Hermaea ornata (MacFarland, 1966)
Hermaea venosa (Loven, 1844)
Hermaea brevicornis (A. Costa, 1867)
Hermaea dendritica (None, None)
Hermaea lutescens (A. Costa, 1866)
Hermaea orbicularis (A. Costa, 1866)
Hermaea ornata (MacFarland, 1966)
Hermaea venosa (Loven, 1844)
Potentially Misidentified Species
Placida verticillata
Espinosa & Ortea (2001:48) note that records of this species in the tropical western Atlantic may be Placida verticillata (Rosenberg 2003).
Espinosa & Ortea (2001:48) note that records of this species in the tropical western Atlantic may be Placida verticillata (Rosenberg 2003).
Ecology
Food:
Green algae- byopsis sp.; Codium spp.
Trophic Status:
Herbivore
HerbHabitats
| General Habitat | Grass Bed | None |
| General Habitat | Marinas & Docks | None |
| General Habitat | Rocky | None |
| Salinity Range | Polyhaline | 18-30 PSU |
| Salinity Range | Euhaline | 30-40 PSU |
| Tidal Range | Subtidal | None |
| Vertical Habitat | Epibenthic | None |
Tolerances and Life History Parameters
| Broad Temperature Range | None | Cold-temperate-tropical |
| Broad Salinity Range | None | Polyhaline-Euhaline |
General Impacts
Regional Distribution Map
| Bioregion | Region Name | Year | Invasion Status | Population Status | Vectors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NEA-III | None | 1843 | Native | Established | |
| NEA-II | None | 0 | Native | Established | |
| AR-V | None | 0 | Native | Established | |
| NEA-IV | None | 0 | Native | Established | |
| CAR-VII | Cape Hatteras to Mid-East Florida | 1958 | Crypogenic | Established | |
| NA-ET3 | Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras | 1967 | Crypogenic | Established | |
| MED-III | None | 0 | Native | Established | |
| CAR-V | None | 0 | Crypogenic | Established | |
| CAR-III | None | 0 | Crypogenic | Established | |
| NA-ET2 | Bay of Fundy to Cape Cod | 1970 | Crypogenic | Established | |
| MED-II | None | 0 | Native | Established | |
| M040 | Long Island Sound | 1967 | Crypogenic | Established | |
| N130 | Great Bay | 0 | Crypogenic | Established | |
| M128 | _CDA_M128 (Eastern Lower Delmarva) | 1974 | Crypogenic | Unknown | |
| NA-S2 | None | 1970 | Crypogenic | Established | |
| NA-ET1 | Gulf of St. Lawrence to Bay of Fundy | 1970 | Crypogenic | Established |
Occurrence Map
| OCC_ID | Author | Year | Date | Locality | Status | Latitude | Longitude |
|---|
References
Bleakney, J. Sherman (1989) Morphological variation in the radula of Placida dendritica (Alder & Hancock, 1843) (Opisthobranchia: Ascoglossa/Saccoglossa) from Atlantic and Pacific populations, The Veliger 32(2): 171-181Bleakney, J. Sherman (1996) <missing title>, Nimbus Publishing and the Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax. Pp. <missing location>
Clark, Kerry B.; Franz, David R. (1968) Occurrence of the saccoglossan opisthobranch Hermaea dendritica Alder & Hancock in New England, Veliger 12(2): 174-175
Fernando, Anthony V.; Kemp, Philip S., Jr. (2007) A key to the benthic shell-less opisthobranch gastropods of North Carolina, Journal of the North Carolina Academy of Science 123(4): 233-241
Harris, Larry G.; Jones, Adam (2006) Temperature, herbivory and epibiont acquisition as factors controlling the distribution and ecological role of an invasive seaweed., Biological Invasions 7: 913-924
Harris, Larry G.; Mathieson, Arthur C. (2000) Patterns of range expansion, niche shift and predator acquisition in the Gulf of Maine, In: Pederson, Judith(Eds.) Marine Bioinvasions. , Cambridge. Pp. 46-56
Marcus, Ernest (1961) Opisthobranchia from North Carolina, Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 77: 141-151
Marcus, Eveline du Bois Reymond (1977) An annotated checklist of the western Atlantic warm water opisthobranchs, Journal of Molluscan Studies Supplement: 1-22
Rudman, W. B. 1997-2016 Sea Slug Forum. http://www.seaslugforum.net/
Schmidt, Allison L.; Scheibling, Robert E. (2006) A comparison of epifauna and epiphytes on native kelps (Laminaria species) and an invasive alga (Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides) in Nova Scotia, Canada, Botanica Marina 49: 315-330
Thompson, T. E. (1976) <missing title>, Ray Society, London. Pp. <missing location>
Trowbridge, Cynthia D. (1995) Establishment of the green alga Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides on New Zealand rocky shores: current distribution and invertebrate grazers, Journal of Ecology 83: 949-965
Trowbridge, Cynthia D. (1997) Dietary induction of opisthobranch morphology: Placida dendritica (Alder & Hancock, 1843) on different green algal diets, Journal of Molluscan Studies 63: 29-38
Trowbridge, Cynthia D. (2004) Emerging associations on marine rocky shores: specialist herbivores on introduced macroalgae, Journal of Animal Ecology 73: 294-308
Vogel, Rosalie M. (1977) <missing title>, M.S. Thesis, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA.. Pp. <missing location>