Invasion History

First Non-native North American Tidal Record:
First Non-native West Coast Tidal Record:
First Non-native East/Gulf Coast Tidal Record:

General Invasion History:

None

North American Invasion History:


Description

None


Taxonomy

Taxonomic Tree

Kingdom:   Animalia
Phylum:   Arthropoda
Subphylum:   Crustacea
Class:   Maxillopoda
Subclass:   Thecostraca
Infraclass:   Cirripedia
Superorder:   Thoracica
Order:   Sessilia
Suborder:   Balanomorpha
Superfamily:   Balanoidea
Family:   Balanidae
Genus:   Balanus
Species:   glandula

Synonyms

Potentially Misidentified Species

Ecology

Food:

Phtoplankton, zooplankton, detritus

Trophic Status:

Suspension Feeder

SusFed

Habitats

General HabitatRockyNone
General HabitatMarinas & DocksNone
General HabitatCoarse Woody DebrisNone
General HabitatVessel HullNone
General HabitatOyster ReefNone
Salinity RangePolyhaline18-30 PSU
Salinity RangeEuhaline30-40 PSU
Salinity RangeHyperhaline40+ PSU
Tidal RangeHigh IntertidalNone
Tidal RangeMid IntertidalNone
Vertical HabitatEpibenthicNone


Tolerances and Life History Parameters

Minimum Temperature (ºC)-2Based on geographical range
Maximum Temperature (ºC)35Cessation of protein synthesis, approximate limiting temperature on intertidal rocks (Harley and Helmuth 2003)
Minimum Salinity (‰)14Barnacles tolerate fresh water of 72+ hrs, but feeding stops below 18 ppt (Bergen 1968) for an open coast population and 04 ppt for an estuarine population (Berger et al. 2006). Juvenile barnacles survived for 20 days at 14 ppt (Bergen et al. 2008)
Maximum Salinity (‰)70Active feeding up to 70 ppt- barnacles tolerate up to 105 ppt for 72+ hrs, but remained closed (Bergen 1968)
Minimum Reproductive Temperature9Miniumum temperature for reproduction, field, California, probably lower further north (Pfeffer-Hoyt and McManus 2005)
Maximum Reproductive Temperature17Maximmum temperature for reproduction, field, California, probably lower (Pfeffer-Hoyt and McManus 2005)
Minimum Reproductive Salinity18Embryos tolerate this salinty.(Bergen 1968)
Maximum Reproductive Salinity70Embryos tolerate this salinty (Bergen 1968)
Minimum Duration12Lab development (15 C Brown and Roughgarden 1985; shortest time in model, Pfeffer-Hoyt and McManus 1995)
Maximum Duration50Longest time in model, 9 C, low food, longest time in model, Pfeffer-Hoyt and McManaus 1995)
Broad Temperature RangeNoneCold temperate-Warm temeprate
Broad Salinity RangeNonePolyhaline-Euhaline

General Impacts


Regional Impacts

WA-IVNoneEcological ImpactHabitat Change
The abundance of the native periwinkle Afrolittorina africana is strongly correlated with that of B. glandula, probably because the brancles provide shelter for the snails (Griffiths et al. 2011). The replacement of Mytlilus galloprovincialis by B. glandula led to a decrease in habitat complexity in the upper intertidal zone (Sadchatheeswaran and Branch 2015).
WA-IVNoneEcological ImpactCompetition
The invasion of Balanus glandula was accompanied by a decline of Mytlilus galloprovincialis in the upper intertidal (Sadchatheeswaran and Branch 2015).
SA-INoneEcological ImpactHabitat Change
Balanus glandula, settling on the roots of Spartina alterniflora, create masses barncles which provide substrate and hiding places for a wide range of invertebrates (Mendez et al. 2015).

Regional Distribution Map

Bioregion Region Name Year Invasion Status Population Status
WA-IV None 1992 Non-native Established
SA-I None 1970 Non-native Established
NEP-II Alaska south of the Aleutians to the Alaskan panhandle 0 Native Established
NEP-III Alaskan panhandle to N. of Puget Sound 0 Native Established
NEP-IV Puget Sound to Northern California 0 Native Established
NEP-V Northern California to Mid Channel Islands 0 Native Established
NEP-VI Pt. Conception to Southern Baja California 0 Native Established
NEP-VIII None 0 Native Established
NWP-4b None 2000 Non-native Established
P020 San Diego Bay 0 Native Established
P040 Newport Bay 0 Native Established
P050 San Pedro Bay 0 Native Established
P056 _CDA_P056 (Los Angeles) 0 Native Established
P065 _CDA_P065 (Santa Barbara Channel) 0 Native Established
P080 Monterey Bay 0 Native Established
P086 _CDA_P086 (San Francisco Coastal South) 0 Native Established
P090 San Francisco Bay 0 Native Established
P112 _CDA_P112 (Bodega Bay) 0 Native Established
P116 _CDA_P116 (Big Navaro-Garcia) 0 Native Established
P130 Humboldt Bay 0 Native Established
P143 _CDA_P143 (Smith) 0 Native Established
P170 Coos Bay 0 Native Established
P190 Siuslaw River 0 Native Established
P195 _CDA_P195 (Alsea) 0 Native Established
P200 Alsea River 0 Native Established
P220 Siletz Bay 0 Native Established
P240 Tillamook Bay 0 Native Established
P250 Nehalem River 0 Native Established
P280 Grays Harbor 0 Native Established
P284 _CDA_P284 (Hoh-Quillayute) 0 Native Established
P286 _CDA_P286 (Crescent-Hoko) 0 Native Established
P288 _CDA_P288 (Dungeness-Elwha) 0 Native Established
P290 Puget Sound 0 Native Established
P292 _CDA_P292 (San Juan Islands) 0 Native Established
NEA-II None 2015 Non-native Established

Occurrence Map

OCC_ID Author Year Date Locality Status Latitude Longitude

References

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