Taxonomic GroupNameYearInvasion StatusPopulation StatusVectors
NematodesAnguillicola crassus*2005DefiniteEstablishedFisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Natural Dispersal
ProtozoansBonamia ostreae*1991DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
TunicatesBotrylloides violaceus1978DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-AmphipodsCaprella mutica2007DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-CrabsCarcinus maenas1907DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Dry Ballast, Hull Fouling, Natural Dispersal
TunicatesCiona intestinalisNoneDefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-AmphipodsCorophium volutator1975DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Dry Ballast
TunicatesDidemnum vexillum1982DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
AlgaeGrateloupia turuturu2017DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Natural Dispersal
ProtozoansHaplosporidium nelsoni*2010DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
Annelids-PolychaetesHediste diversicolor1955DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Dry Ballast
Crustaceans-IsopodsIaniropsis serricaudisNoneDefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-IsopodsLigia oceanica2016DefiniteEstablishedDry Ballast, Hull Fouling
Mollusks-GastropodsLittorina littorea1971DefiniteEstablishedDry Ballast, Hull Fouling, Natural Dispersal
BryozoansMembranipora membranacea1992DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Natural Dispersal
Mollusks-BivalvesOstrea edulis1962DefiniteEstablishedOyster Intentional
ProtozoansPerkinsus marinus*1995DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
Arthropoda-InsectsPetrobius brevistylis*1967DefiniteEstablishedCargo, Dry Ballast
TunicatesStyela clava2007DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Mollusks-BivalvesTeredo navalisNoneDefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
* = Species summary still under review.