Taxonomic GroupNameYearInvasion StatusPopulation StatusVectors
Crustaceans-BarnaclesAmphibalanus eburneus1892DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-BarnaclesAmphibalanus improvisus1844DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Mollusks-BivalvesArcuatula senhousia2004DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
AlgaeAsparagopsis armata*1973DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
CtenophoresBeroe ovata*1997DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
AlgaeBonnemaisonia hamifera1986DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
AlgaeBonnemaisonia hamifera2017DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-CrabsCallinectes sapidus1967DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Natural Dispersal
Cnidarians-HydrozoansCalyptospadix cerulea1933DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
AlgaeCodium fragile ssp. Fragile1998DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
AlgaeColpomenia peregrina*1992DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-BivalvesCorbicula fluminea1997DefiniteEstablishedNone
Mollusks-GastropodsCuthona perca2007DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Cnidarians-AnthozoansDiadumene lineata1960DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-CrabsEriocheir sinensis1997DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Canal
Annelids-PolychaetesFicopomatus enigmaticus1929DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
FishesGambusia holbrooki*1925DefiniteEstablishedBiocontrol
Annelids-PolychaetesHydroides dianthus2009DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
FishesLepomis gibbosus1935DefiniteEstablishedPet Release
Crustaceans-ShrimpMacrobrachium nipponense*2018DefiniteEstablishedFisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Natural Dispersal
Mollusks-BivalvesMagallana gigas1972DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Oyster Intentional
Annelids-PolychaetesMarenzelleria neglecta2021DefiniteEstablishedNone
CtenophoresMnemiopsis leidyi*1982DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
TunicatesMolgula manhattensis1971DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Mollusks-BivalvesMya arenaria1966DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Fisheries Intentional
Mollusks-BivalvesMytilopsis leucophaeata2003DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Canal, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-CopepodsOithona davisae2009DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
Crustaceans-ShrimpPalaemon macrodactylus2009DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
Annelids-PolychaetesPolydora cornuta1962DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Mollusks-GastropodsPotamopyrgus antipodarum1951DefiniteEstablishedCanal, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Crustaceans-CopepodsPseudodiaptomus marinus2016DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
Mollusks-GastropodsRapana venosa1946DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
Crustaceans-CrabsRhithropanopeus harrisii1936DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
ProtozoansRhizodomus tagatzi*2010DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
FishesTridentiger trigonocephalus2006DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Oyster Accidental, Pet Release
Annelids-OligochaetesTubificoides benedii*1916DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
EntoproctsUrnatella gracilis1954DefiniteEstablishedAquatic Plant Shipments, Hull Fouling
BryozoansVictorella pavida1936DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
* = Species summary still under review.