Taxonomic GroupNameYearInvasion StatusPopulation StatusVectors
Crustaceans-AmphipodsAoroides secunda2011DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
TunicatesAplidium accarense*2020DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
TunicatesAscidia zara1996DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
TunicatesBotrylloides giganteus2020DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
TunicatesBotrylloides violaceus1966DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
TunicatesBotryllus schlosseri1996DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
BryozoansBugula neritina2001DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-AmphipodsCaprella mutica2002DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Natural Dispersal
Crustaceans-AmphipodsCaprella simia2011DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
NemerteansCephalothrix cf. simula*2009DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
TunicatesCiona robusta1970DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
TunicatesCiona savignyi1994DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
BryozoansCryptosula pallasiana2001DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Cnidarians-AnthozoansDiadumene leucolena1977DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Cnidarians-AnthozoansDiadumene paranaensis2012DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
TunicatesDiplosoma listerianum1977DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Cnidarians-AnthozoansExaiptasia pallidaNoneDefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Annelids-PolychaetesFicopomatus enigmaticus2008DefiniteEstablishedNone
Cnidarians-HydrozoansGonionemus vertens1965DefiniteEstablishedFisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Hull Fouling, Scientific Escape
AlgaeGrateloupia turuturu2009DefiniteEstablishedNone
SpongesHalichondria bowerbanki*2007DefiniteEstablishedNone
SpongesHymeniacidon perlevis*1977DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-AmphipodsLeucothoe nagatai2011DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-IsopodsLimnoria quadripunctata1951DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Mollusks-BivalvesLyrodus pedicellatus1951DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Annelids-PolychaetesMegasyllis nipponica2011DefiniteEstablishedFisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Hull Fouling, Natural Dispersal
TunicatesMicrocosmus squamiger2001DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
TunicatesMolgula manhattensis2001DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-AmphipodsMonocorophium acherusicum2011DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-AmphipodsMonocorophium uenoi1961DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Mollusks-BivalvesMytilus galloprovincialis1990DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-IsopodsNiambia capensis2014DefiniteEstablishedCargo, Dry Ballast
Crustaceans-IsopodsOrthione griffenis2003DefiniteEstablishedDiscarded Bait, Natural Dispersal
AlgaePachymeniopsis lanceolata*2011DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Annelids-PolychaetesParasabella fullo2011DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Mollusks-GastropodsPhiline auriformis1998DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Natural Dispersal
TunicatesPolyandrocarpa zorritensis2020DefiniteEstablishedNone
Annelids-PolychaetesPolydora cornuta1971DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Annelids-PolychaetesPseudopolydora paucibranchiata1975DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
AlgaeSargassum horneri2010DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Natural Dispersal
AlgaeSargassum muticum1977DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Natural Dispersal
AlgaeSchizymenia dubyi*1957DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
TunicatesStyela clava1994DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
TunicatesStyela plicata1970DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
ProtozoansTrochammina hadai*1998DefiniteEstablishedUnknown Vector
AlgaeUndaria pinnatifida2001DefiniteEstablishedFisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Natural Dispersal
BryozoansWatersipora arcuata2007DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
BryozoansWatersipora n. sp.2007DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
BryozoansWatersipora subatra*2014DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
BryozoansWatersipora subtorquata2001DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
* = Species summary still under review.