Taxonomic GroupNameYearInvasion StatusPopulation StatusVectors
Crustaceans-BarnaclesAmphibalanus amphitrite1960DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-BarnaclesAmphibalanus reticulatus1969DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
AlgaeAnadyomene sp.*1999DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
TunicatesAscidia sydneiensis2004DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-BarnaclesBalanus trigonus1961DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Natural Dispersal
FishesBelonesox belizanus*1957DefiniteEstablishedNone
Crustaceans-AmphipodsCaprella scaura1996DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Cnidarians-AnthozoansCarijoa riiseiNoneDefiniteEstablishedNone
FishesCichla ocellaris*2003DefiniteEstablishedFisheries Intentional
FishesCichlasoma bimaculatum*1981DefiniteEstablishedNone
FishesClarias batrachus*NoneDefiniteEstablishedPet Release
Mollusks-GastropodsCuthona perca1969DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
TunicatesDidemnum perlucidum2004DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
TunicatesDidemnum psammatodes2004DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
TunicatesDiplosoma aff. spongiforme2004DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Mollusks-GastropodsEualetes tulipa1991DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Annelids-PolychaetesFicopomatus uschakovi2004DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
AlgaeHalimeda macroloba*2012DefiniteEstablishedAquatic Plant Shipments, Hull Fouling
AlgaeHalimeda opuntia1895DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
ProtozoansHaplosporidium nelsoni*1986DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Natural Dispersal, Oyster Accidental
FishesHemichromis letourneuxi*1965DefiniteEstablishedPet Release
FishesHypsoblennius invemar*2005DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
AlgaeLaurencia caduciramulosa*2013DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-IsopodsLigia exotica1965DefiniteEstablishedCargo, Dry Ballast
Crustaceans-IsopodsLimnoria pfefferi1950DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-ShrimpMacrobrachium olfersii1961DefiniteEstablishedAquatic Plant Shipments, Ballast Water, Pet Release
Mollusks-GastropodsMarisa cornuarietis1957DefiniteEstablishedPet Release
FishesMayaheros urophthalmus*1998DefiniteEstablishedNatural Dispersal, Pet Release
Mollusks-GastropodsMelanoides tuberculata1966DefiniteEstablishedPet Release
EchinodermsOphiactis savignyi Lineage B2002DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
EchinodermsOphiothela mirabilis2017DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
FishesOreochromis aureus*1992DefiniteEstablishedBiocontrol, Pet Release
FishesOreochromis mossambicus1972DefiniteEstablishedFisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Fisheries Intentional, Pet Release
Crustaceans-IsopodsParadella dianae1988DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
FishesPelmatotilapia mariae*1974DefiniteEstablishedPet Release
Crustaceans-ShrimpPenaeus monodon2012DefiniteEstablishedFisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
FishesPterois volitans1992DefiniteEstablishedPet Release
Crustaceans-IsopodsSphaeroma terebrans1975DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-IsopodsSphaeroma walkeri1974DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
TunicatesStyela canopus1946DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
TunicatesStyela plicata1946DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Cnidarians-AnthozoansTubastraea coccinea2001DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Natural Dispersal
AlgaeUlva ohnoi2014DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
* = Species summary still under review.