Taxonomic GroupNameYearInvasion StatusPopulation StatusVectors
Arthropoda-InsectsAedes togoi*1940DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Cargo
Annelids-PolychaetesAlitta succinea1998DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Discarded Bait, Hull Fouling
FishesAlosa sapidissima1876DefiniteEstablishedNatural Dispersal
Crustaceans-BarnaclesAmphibalanus improvisus1956DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-AmphipodsAmpithoe valida1957DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Arthropoda-InsectsAnisolabis maritima1920DefiniteEstablishedCargo, Dry Ballast
Mollusks-BivalvesArcuatula senhousia1959DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
PlatyhelminthesAustrobilharzia variglandis*2003DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
EntoproctsBarentsia benedeni1998DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-GastropodsBatillaria attramentaria1924DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
TunicatesBotrylloides violaceus1998DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
TunicatesBotryllus schlosseri1998DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
BryozoansBugula neritina2007DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
BryozoansBugulina stolonifera1998DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
AlgaeCampylaephora kondoi*1995DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-AmphipodsCaprella mutica1995DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-AmphipodsCaprella simia2008DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-CrabsCarcinus maenas1998DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Discarded Bait, Natural Dispersal
AlgaeCaulacanthus okamurae1974DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-GastropodsCecina manchurica1961DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
PlatyhelminthesCercaria batillariae*2000DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
AlgaeChorda asiatica1993DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Cnidarians-HydrozoansCladonema radiatum1988DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Annelids-PolychaetesClymenella torquata1976DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
Cnidarians-HydrozoansCordylophora caspia1920DefiniteEstablishedAquatic Plant Shipments, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-BivalvesCrassostrea virginica1895DefiniteEstablishedOyster Intentional
Mollusks-GastropodsCrepidula convexa1970DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
Mollusks-GastropodsCrepidula fornicata1931DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
BryozoansCryptosula pallasiana1970DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Cnidarians-AnthozoansDiadumene lineata1909DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
TunicatesDidemnum vexillum2003DefiniteEstablishedFisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
TunicatesDiplosoma listerianum1960DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Cnidarians-HydrozoansEctopleura crocea1911DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-AmphipodsEochelidium sp. A1997DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
AlgaeGelidium vagum*1984DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
AlgaeGracilaria vermiculophylla2006DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-AmphipodsGrandidierella japonica1977DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
SpongesHalichondria bowerbanki*2001DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-GastropodsHaloa japonica1985DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Oyster Accidental
Annelids-PolychaetesHediste diadroma2012DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Annelids-PolychaetesHeteromastus filiformis species complex1966DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
PlatyhelminthesHimasthla quissetensis*2003DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
Annelids-PolychaetesHobsonia florida1940DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
SpongesHymeniacidon perlevis*2008DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
Crustaceans-IsopodsIaniropsis serricaudis2010DefiniteEstablishedHabitat Restoration, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-GastropodsIlyanassa obsoleta1952DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
Crustaceans-AmphipodsIncisocalliope derzhavini1998DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-AmphipodsJassa marmorata1990DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
PlatyhelminthesKoinostylochus ostreophagus*1953DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
Annelids-OligochaetesLimnodrilus monothecus*1979DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Dry Ballast, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-IsopodsLimnoria tripunctata1961DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
SpongesLissodendoryx tylostyla*2016DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
AlgaeLomentaria hakodatensis*1959DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-BivalvesLyrodus takanoshimensis1981DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
Mollusks-BivalvesMagallana gigas1902DefiniteEstablishedOyster Intentional
AlgaeMazzaella japonica*2005DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-AmphipodsMelita nitida1976DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
TunicatesMolgula manhattensis1998DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-AmphipodsMonocorophium acherusicum1915DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-AmphipodsMonocorophium insidiosum1915DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-BivalvesMya arenaria1888DefiniteEstablishedFisheries Intentional
Mollusks-GastropodsMyosotella myosotis1936DefiniteEstablishedCargo, Dry Ballast, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-CopepodsMytilicola orientalis1943DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-BivalvesMytilus galloprovincialis1994DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Hull Fouling, Natural Dispersal
Mollusks-GastropodsNassarius fraterculus1959DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
Cnidarians-AnthozoansNematostella vectensis1973DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-BivalvesNeotrapezium liratum1924DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
Crustaceans-CumaceansNippoleucon hinumensis1998DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-BivalvesNuttallia obscurata1991DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
Mollusks-GastropodsOcinebrellus inornatus1924DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
Crustaceans-CopepodsOithona davisae2012DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
Crustaceans-IsopodsOrthione griffenis1995DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Discarded Bait, Natural Dispersal
Mollusks-BivalvesPetricolaria pholadiformis1995DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Oyster Accidental
Annelids-PolychaetesPolydora cornuta1932DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Annelids-PolychaetesProceraea okadai2001DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Annelids-PolychaetesPseudopolydora cf. kempi1951DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Oyster Accidental
Annelids-PolychaetesPseudopolydora paucibranchiata2007DefiniteEstablishedNone
PlatyhelminthesRhabdocoela sp.*1985DefiniteEstablishedFisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Mollusks-BivalvesRuditapes philippinarum1924DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
FishesSalmo trutta*1932DefiniteEstablishedFisheries Intentional
AlgaeSargassum muticum1944DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
BryozoansSchizoporella japonica1927DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
Crustaceans-TanaidsSinelobus cf. stanfordi1975DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Annelids-PolychaetesStreblospio benedicti1994DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
TunicatesStyela clava1995DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Mollusks-BivalvesTeredo navalis1963DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
ProtozoansTrichodina sp.*1985DefiniteEstablishedFisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
ProtozoansTrochammina hadai*1971DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Oyster Accidental, Unknown Vector
Annelids-OligochaetesTubificoides apectinatus*1979DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Dry Ballast, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Annelids-OligochaetesTubificoides benedii*1991DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Dry Ballast, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Annelids-OligochaetesTubificoides brownae*NoneDefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Dry Ballast, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Annelids-OligochaetesTubificoides diazi*1984DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Dry Ballast, Oyster Accidental
Annelids-OligochaetesTubificoides wasselli*1978DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Dry Ballast, Oyster Accidental
AlgaeUlva australis2010DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-GastropodsUrosalpinx cinerea1929DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
BryozoansWatersipora n. sp.2010DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
BryozoansWatersipora subatra*2002DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
* = Species summary still under review.