Taxonomic GroupNameYearInvasion StatusPopulation StatusVectors
AlgaeAgardhiella subulata*1998DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-BarnaclesAmphibalanus amphitrite1928DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-BarnaclesAmphibalanus improvisus1827DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-AmphipodsAmpithoe valida2014DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
NematodesAnguillicola crassus*1982DefiniteEstablishedFisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
AlgaeAntithamnionella spirographidis*1910DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-BivalvesArcuatula senhousia2017DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
AlgaeAsparagopsis armata*1949DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Cnidarians-ScyphozoansAurelia coerulea2008DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-BarnaclesAustrominius modestus1944DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-BarnaclesBalanus glandula2015DefiniteEstablishedNone
Cnidarians-HydrozoansBlackfordia virginica2013DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
ProtozoansBonamia ostreae*1979DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
AlgaeBonnemaisonia hamifera1897DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
TunicatesBotrylloides diegensis2002DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
TunicatesBotrylloides violaceus2000DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
BryozoansBugula neritina1959DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
BryozoansBugulina simplex1957DefiniteEstablishedNone
BryozoansBugulina stolonifera1960DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-CrabsCallinectes sapidus1932DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Cnidarians-HydrozoansCalyptospadix cerulea1920DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-AmphipodsCaprella mutica1995DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-AmphipodsCaprella scaura2009DefiniteEstablishedBiocontrol, Hull Fouling
AlgaeCaulacanthus okamurae2005DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
NemerteansCephalothrix cf. simula*2012DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
SpongesChalinula loosanoffi*1880DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
TunicatesCiona robusta2012DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Annelids-PolychaetesClymenella torquata1936DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
AlgaeCodium fragile ssp. Fragile1863DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
AlgaeColpomenia peregrina*1907DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Cnidarians-HydrozoansCordylophora caspia1842DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Mollusks-GastropodsCrepidula fornicata1872DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
AlgaeDasya sessilis*2003DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
AlgaeDasysiphonia japonica1994DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
Cnidarians-AnthozoansDiadumene lineata1913DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
TunicatesDidemnum vexillum1991DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-CrabsEriocheir sinensis1912DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster)
Crustaceans-CopepodsEurytemora carolleeae2009DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
Crustaceans-OstracodsEusarsiella zostericola1967DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
Annelids-PolychaetesFicopomatus enigmaticus1921DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-AmphipodsGammarus tigrinus1931DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Fisheries Intentional
AlgaeGelidium vagum*2011DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Cnidarians-HydrozoansGonionemus vertens1913DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
AlgaeGracilaria vermiculophylla1980DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
AlgaeGracilaria vermiculophylla2007DefiniteEstablishedNone
Crustaceans-AmphipodsGrandidierella japonica1999DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
AlgaeGrateloupia turuturu1969DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-CrabsHemigrapsus sanguineus1999DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
Annelids-PolychaetesHydroides dianthus1970DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-IsopodsIaniropsis serricaudis2004DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Mollusks-BivalvesIschadium recurvum2012DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
BryozoansJuxtacribrilina mutabilis2013DefiniteEstablishedNone
Annelids-PolychaetesLaonome cf. calida2009DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
Crustaceans-IsopodsLimnoria quadripunctata1948DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-IsopodsLimnoria tripunctata1958DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
AlgaeLomentaria hakodatensis*2004DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
Mollusks-BivalvesLyrodus pedicellatus1865DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Mollusks-BivalvesMagallana gigas1965DefiniteEstablishedFisheries Intentional
Annelids-PolychaetesMarenzelleria neglecta1996DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
Annelids-PolychaetesMarenzelleria viridis1979DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
Crustaceans-BarnaclesMegabalanus coccopoma1976DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Crustaceans-AmphipodsMelita nitida2000DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Mollusks-BivalvesMercenaria mercenaria1925DefiniteEstablishedFisheries Intentional
CtenophoresMnemiopsis leidyi*2005DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
TunicatesMolgula manhattensis1762DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-AmphipodsMonocorophium uenoi2013DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-BivalvesMya arenaria1245DefiniteEstablishedDry Ballast, Fisheries Intentional
Crustaceans-CopepodsMytilicola orientalis1992DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
Mollusks-BivalvesMytilopsis leucophaeata1835DefiniteEstablishedDry Ballast, Hull Fouling
Cnidarians-AnthozoansNematostella vectensis1935DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Annelids-PolychaetesNeodexiospira brasiliensis1974DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
FishesNeogobius melanostomus*2004DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Canal
AlgaeNeopyropia yezoensis*2003DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-GastropodsOcinebrellus inornatus2007DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
Crustaceans-CopepodsOithona davisae2010DefiniteEstablishedBiocontrol
Crustaceans-ShrimpPalaemon macrodactylus1992DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
Crustaceans-IsopodsParanthura japonica2019DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
TunicatesPerophora japonica2001DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-BivalvesPetricolaria pholadiformis1890DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
Annelids-PolychaetesPileolaria berkeleyana1974DefiniteEstablishedNone
AlgaePolysiphonia senticulosa*1993DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-BivalvesPotamocorbula amurensis2018DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
Mollusks-GastropodsPotamopyrgus antipodarum1889DefiniteEstablishedCargo
Arthropoda-InsectsProkelisia marginata*2008DefiniteEstablishedCargo, Dry Ballast
PlatyhelminthesPseudodactylogyrus anguillae*1988DefiniteEstablishedFisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Natural Dispersal
Crustaceans-CopepodsPseudodiaptomus marinus2011DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
Annelids-PolychaetesPseudopolydora paucibranchiata2015DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Mollusks-BivalvesRangia cuneata2005DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
Crustaceans-CrabsRhithropanopeus harrisii1874DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
ProtozoansRhizodomus tagatzi*2005DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
Mollusks-BivalvesRuditapes philippinarum1974DefiniteEstablishedFisheries Intentional
AlgaeSargassum muticum1971DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
BryozoansSchizoporella japonica2011DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Crustaceans-TanaidsSinelobus cf. stanfordi2006DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
Annelids-PolychaetesStreblospio benedicti1999DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
TunicatesStyela canopus1868DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
TunicatesStyela clava1957DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
Crustaceans-IsopodsSynidotea laticauda2005DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water
Arthropoda-InsectsTelmatogeton japonicus*1988DefiniteEstablishedCargo, Hull Fouling
Mollusks-BivalvesTheora lubrica2003DefiniteEstablishedNone
BryozoansTricellaria inopinata1998DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
ProtozoansTrochammina hadai*2019DefiniteEstablishedNone
AlgaeUlva australis1993DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Fisheries Accidental (not Oyster), Hull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
AlgaeUlva ohnoi2018DefiniteEstablishedBallast Water, Hull Fouling
AlgaeUndaria pinnatifida1994DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
Mollusks-GastropodsUrosalpinx cinerea1920DefiniteEstablishedOyster Accidental
BryozoansVictorella pavida1870DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling
BryozoansWatersipora subatra*2008DefiniteEstablishedHull Fouling, Oyster Accidental
* = Species summary still under review.